{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:47:51Z","timestamp":1792298871160,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Superficial and cutaneous aspergillosis is a rare fungal disease that is restricted to the outer layers of the skin, nails, and the outer auditory canal, infrequently invading the deeper tissue and viscera, particularly in immunocompromised patients. These mycoses are acquired through two main routes: direct traumatic inoculation or inhalation of airborne fungal spores into paranasal sinuses and lungs. Lesions are classified into three categories: otomycosis, onychomycosis, and cutaneous aspergillosis. Superficial and cutaneous aspergillosis occurs less frequently and therefore remains poorly characterized; it usually involves sites of superficial trauma\u2014namely, at or near intravenous entry catheter site, at the point of traumatic inoculation (orthopaedic inoculation, ear-self-cleaning, schizophrenic ear self-injuries), at surgery incision, and at the site of contact with occlusive dressings, especially in burn patients. Onychomycosis and otomycosis are more seen in immunocompetent patients, while cutaneous aspergillosis is widely described among the immunocompromised individuals. This paper is a review of related literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1621814480000},"page":"643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Aspergillus Genus and Its Various Human Superficial and Cutaneous Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine","family":"Merad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Parasitology-Mycology, \u2018Hassani Abdelkader\u2019 Hospital, UDL Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire de Synth\u00e8se de L\u2019information Environementale, UDL, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hichem","family":"Derrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, \u2018Hassani Abdelkader\u2019 Hospital, UDL Faculty of Medicine, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoubir","family":"Belmokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University Djilali Liabes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malika","family":"Belkacemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hemobiology and Blood Transfusion, \u2018Hassani Abdelkader\u2019 Hospital, UDL Faculty of Medecine, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.3314\/mmj.57.E21","article-title":"A Case of Fingernail Onychomycosis due to Aspergillus flavus","volume":"57","author":"Noguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. 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