{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:40:48Z","timestamp":1792820448223,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006478","name":"Bundesministerium der Verteidigung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["36K2-S-45 1922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["36K2-S-45 1922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work was conducted as a cross sectional study to define the disease burden of schistosomiasis in pregnant Madagascan women and to evaluate serological and molecular diagnostic assays. A total of 1154 residual EDTA blood samples from pregnant Madagascan women were assessed. The nucleic acid extractions were subjected to in-house real-time PCRs specifically targeting S. mansoni complex, S. haematobium complex, and African Schistosoma spp. on genus level, while the EDTA plasma samples were analyzed using Schistosoma-specific IgG and IgM commercial ELISA and immunofluorescence assays. The analyses indicated an overall prevalence of schistosomiasis in Madagascan pregnant women of 40.4%, with only minor regional differences and differences between serology- and blood PCR-based surveillance. The S. mansoni specific real-time PCR showed superior sensitivity of 74% (specificity 80%) compared with the genus-specific real-time PCR (sensitivity 13%, specificity 100%) in blood. The laborious immunofluorescence (sensitivity IgM 49%, IgG 87%, specificity IgM 85%, IgG 96%) scored only slightly better than the automatable ELISA (sensitivity IgM 38%, IgG 88%, specificity IgM 78%, IgG 91%). Infections with S. mansoni were detected only. The high prevalence of schistosomiasis recorded here among pregnant women in Madagascar calls for actions in order to reduce the disease burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T21:16:58Z","timestamp":1623187018000},"page":"722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Serology- and Blood-PCR-Based Screening for Schistosomiasis in Pregnant Women in Madagascar\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study and Test Comparison Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imke","family":"Carsjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Rakotozandrindrainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Antananarivo, BP 566 Antananarivo, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1011-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Girmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 20095 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Njary","family":"Randriamampionona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Antananarivo, BP 566 Antananarivo, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumou","family":"Ma\u00efga-Ascofar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Podbielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5157-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8967-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagen","family":"Frickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert Georg","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 20095 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1337-4","article-title":"Baseline prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis at sentinel sites in Madagascar: Informing a national control strategy","volume":"9","author":"Rasoamanamihaja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. 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