{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:27:38Z","timestamp":1775154458934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018536","name":"National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10101003-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10101003-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018536","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects for Infectious Diseases","award":["2018ZX10712001-018-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10712001-018-001"]}]},{"name":"State Key Research Development Program of China","award":["2019YFC1200501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1200501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel Borrelia species, Candidatus Borrelia javanense, was found in ectoparasite ticks, Amblyomma javanense, from Manis javanica pangolins seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Overall, 12 tick samples in 227 (overall prevalence 5.3%) were positive for Candidatus B. javanense, 9 (5.1%) in 176 males, and 3 (5.9%) in 51 females. The phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene and the flagellin gene sequences of the Borrelia sp., exhibited strong evidence that Candidatus B. javanense did not belong to the Lyme disease Borrelia group and the relapsing fever Borrelia group but another lineage of Borrelia. The discovery of the novel Borrelia species suggests that A. javanense may be the transmit vector, and the M. javanica pangolins should be considered a possible origin reservoir in the natural circulation of these new pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a novel Borrelia species agent in A. javanense from pangolins. Whether the novel agent is pathogenic to humans is unknown and needs further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T14:16:04Z","timestamp":1623248164000},"page":"728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Molecular Detection of Novel Borrelia Species, Candidatus Borrelia javanense, in Amblyomma javanense Ticks from Pangolins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bao-Gui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai-Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Medical-aid and Monitoring Epidemic Diseases Research Center, Nanning 530028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Fu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Long","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Qun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Dong","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng-Cheng","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Medical-aid and Monitoring Epidemic Diseases Research Center, Nanning 530028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00098","article-title":"Relapsing Fevers: Neglected Tick-Borne Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Boyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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