{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T20:40:29Z","timestamp":1782160829559,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PAPIIT, UNAM","award":["IN228620 and IN220417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN228620 and IN220417"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is the most lethal parasitic disease in the world. Mortality and severity in symptoms are higher in men than women, suggesting that oestrogens, which are in higher concentration in females than in males, may regulate the immune response against malaria. Tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator used in breast cancer treatment due to its antagonistic effect on oestrogen receptors \u03b1 and \u03b2, is also studied because of its potential therapeutic use for several parasitic diseases. However, most studies, including one in malaria, have not addressed the immunomodulatory role of tamoxifen. In this work, we evaluated the effect of tamoxifen on the immune response of CBA\/Ca mice against Plasmodium berghei ANKA. This study showed for the first time that tamoxifen increased parasite load, aggravated symptoms by decreasing body temperature and body weight, and worsened anaemia. Additionally, tamoxifen significantly increased the splenic index and the percentages of CD4+ and NK+ cells on day eight post-infection. By contrast, tamoxifen decreased both CD8+ and B220+ populations in the spleen and decreased the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17. Our findings support the notion that tamoxifen is a potent immunomodulator in malaria-infected mice and suggest caution when administering it to malaria-infected women with breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1623709546000},"page":"743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tamoxifen Suppresses the Immune Response to Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Exacerbates Symptomatology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Cervantes-Candelas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Computacional, S\u00edntesis y Farmacolog\u00eda de Mol\u00e9culas de Inter\u00e9s Biol\u00f3gico, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 09230, Mexico"},{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1\u00b0 Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Aguilar-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Computacional, S\u00edntesis y Farmacolog\u00eda de Mol\u00e9culas de Inter\u00e9s Biol\u00f3gico, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidel","family":"Buend\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Computacional, S\u00edntesis y Farmacolog\u00eda de Mol\u00e9culas de Inter\u00e9s Biol\u00f3gico, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Computacional, S\u00edntesis y Farmacolog\u00eda de Mol\u00e9culas de Inter\u00e9s Biol\u00f3gico, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Cervantes-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Aplicaciones Computacionales, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9461-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Morales-Montor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, AP 70228, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Legorreta-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Computacional, S\u00edntesis y Farmacolog\u00eda de Mol\u00e9culas de Inter\u00e9s Biol\u00f3gico, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020). 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