{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:22:55Z","timestamp":1778656975022,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011880","name":"Acad\u00e9mie de recherche et d'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Institutional support program entitled Hemoparasites and arboviruses in non-human primates of the Ecuadorian Amazon using non-invasive techniques"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institutional support program entitled Hemoparasites and arboviruses in non-human primates of the Ecuadorian Amazon using non-invasive techniques"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Malaria is a disease caused by hemoparasites of the Plasmodium genus. Non-human primates (NHP) are hosts of Plasmodium sp. around the world. Several studies have demonstrated that Plasmodium sp. emerged from Africa. However, little information is currently available about Plasmodium falciparum in the neotropical NHP and even less in Ecuador. Indeed, the objective of our study was to identify by molecular phylogenetic analyses the Plasmodium species associated with NHP from the Western Amazon region of Ecuador, and to design a molecular taxonomy protocol to use in the NHP disease ecology. Methods: We extracted DNA from faecal samples (n = 26) from nine species of captive (n = 19) and free-ranging (n = 7) NHP, collected from 2011 to 2019 in the Western Amazon region of Ecuador. Results: Using a pan-Plasmodium PCR, we obtained one positive sample from an adult female Leontocebus lagonotus. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence unequivocally clustered with Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: The identification of Plasmodium sp. in NHP of the Ecuadorian Amazon would be essential to identify their role as potential zoonotic reservoirs, and it is also important to identify their origin in wildlife and their transmission in captive NHP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T22:10:59Z","timestamp":1624399859000},"page":"791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Alberto","family":"Carrillo Bilbao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador"},{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7692-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Carlos","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Emergentes, Ecoepidemiolog\u00eda y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170107, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mutien-Marie","family":"Garigliany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Li\u00e8ge University, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Animal Pathology, Li\u00e8ge University, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8468-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Martin-Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingenier\u00eda en Biotecnolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas\u2014ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7077-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Minda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Washington","family":"Ben\u00edtez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goater, T.M., Goater, C.P., and Esch, G.W. 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