{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:03:13Z","timestamp":1791511393311,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras, Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","award":["not described"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not described"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, tularemia outbreaks associated with humans and several domestic and wild animals (Iberian hares, wild rabbits, voles, mice, grey shrews, sheep, dogs, foxes, wolves, ticks, and river crayfish) are reported in Spain from 2007 to 2020. Special attention was paid to the outbreaks in humans in 2007\u20132009 and 2014\u20132015, when the most important waves occurred. Moreover, positive rates of tularemia in lagomorphs were detected in 2007\u20132010, followed by negative results in 2011\u20132013, before again returning to positive rates in 2014 and in 2017 and in 2019\u20132020. Lagomorphs role in spreading Francisella tularensis in the epidemiological chain could not be discarded. F. tularensis is described for the first time infecting the shrew Crocidura russula worldwide, and it is also reported for the first time infecting wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spain. Serological positives higher than 0.4% were seen for sheep only from 2007\u20132009 and again in 2019, while serological rates greater than 1% were revealed in dogs in 2007\u20132008 and in wild canids in 2016. F. tularensis were detected in ticks in 2009, 2014\u20132015, 2017, and 2019. Lastly, negative results were achieved for river crayfish and also in environmental water samples from 2007 to 2020.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T10:13:42Z","timestamp":1626257622000},"page":"892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Tularemia Outbreaks in Spain from 2007 to 2020 in Humans and Domestic and Wild Animals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"M\u00ednguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Direcci\u00f3n General de Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras Agrarias, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47007 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar-Bernardo","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana s\/n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Nistal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Villaquilambre, 24500 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Rosario","family":"Esquivel-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Villaquilambre, 24500 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9-Ignacio","family":"G\u00f3mez-Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Villaquilambre, 24500 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas-\u00c1ngel","family":"Collazos-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Villaquilambre, 24500 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis-Miguel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Direcci\u00f3n General de Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras Agrarias, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47007 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ruiz-Sope\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica y Enfermedades Transmisibles, Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud P\u00fablica, Consejer\u00eda de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47007 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-2594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Tamames-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica y Enfermedades Transmisibles, Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud P\u00fablica, Consejer\u00eda de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47007 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana s\/n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantino","family":"Caminero-Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Plagas, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Agrario de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (ITACyL), 47009 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6914-9987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Agrario de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (ITACyL), 47009 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8795-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Microbiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, and Research Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u00edas-Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana s\/n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, 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