{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:46:03Z","timestamp":1781945163222,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and\/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1\/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host\u2013pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host\u2013pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:18:52Z","timestamp":1626643132000},"page":"905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Role of Macrophages in the Host\u2019s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1621-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela","family":"Ruiz-Baca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S\/N, Durango 34120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"P\u00e9rez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Romo-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9711-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Cervantes-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 03940, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Alba-Fierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S\/N, Durango 34120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3083-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ventura-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. 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