{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:53:08Z","timestamp":1783529588269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE190100238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE190100238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlamydia psittaci is traditionally regarded as a globally distributed avian pathogen that can cause zoonotic spill-over. Molecular research has identified an extended global host range and significant genetic diversity. However, Australia has reported a reduced host range (avian, horse, and human) with a dominance of clonal strains, denoted ST24. To better understand the widespread of this strain type in Australia, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ompA genotyping were applied on samples from a range of hosts (avian, equine, marsupial, and bovine) from Australia. MLST confirms that clonal ST24 strains dominate infections of Australian psittacine and equine hosts (82\/88; 93.18%). However, this study also found novel hosts (Australian white ibis, King parrots, racing pigeon, bovine, and a wallaby) and demonstrated that strain diversity does exist in Australia. The discovery of a C. psittaci novel strain (ST306) in a novel host, the Western brush wallaby, is the first detection in a marsupial. Analysis of the results of this study applied a multidisciplinary approach regarding Chlamydia infections, equine infectious disease, ecology, and One Health. Recommendations include an update for the descriptive framework of C. psittaci disease and cell biology work to inform pathogenicity and complement molecular epidemiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10081015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T21:48:12Z","timestamp":1628718492000},"page":"1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Chlamydia Psittaci ST24: Clonal Strains of One Health Importance Dominate in Australian Horse, Bird and Human Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Susan I.","family":"Anstey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilli","family":"Kasimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alistair","family":"Legione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0400-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemima","family":"Amery-Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Hair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WA Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Peel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1556-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8066 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Pannekoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 3508 Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Lise","family":"Chaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Woolford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Timms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-2562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Jelocnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftu007","article-title":"Chlamydia psittaci: Update on an underestimated zoonotic agent","volume":"73","author":"Knittler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. 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