{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:51:06Z","timestamp":1784688666831,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A viral spread occurrence such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted the evaluation of different disinfectants suitable for a wide range of environmental matrices. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) represents one of the most-used virucidal agents in different settings effective against both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. This narrative synthesis is focused on the effectiveness of ClO2 applied in healthcare and community settings in order to eliminate respiratory transmitted, enteric, and bloodborne viruses. Influenza viruses were reduced by 99.9% by 0.5\u20131.0 mg\/L of ClO2 in less than 5 min. Higher concentration (20 mg\/L) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 from sewage. ClO2 concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 mg\/L ensured at least a 99% viral reduction of AD40, HAV, Coxsackie B5 virus, and other enteric viruses in less than 30 min. Considering bloodborne viruses, 30 mg\/L of ClO2 can eliminate them in 5 min. Bloodborne viruses (HIV-1, HCV, and HBV) may be completely eliminated from medical devices and human fluids after a treatment with 30 mg\/L of ClO2 for 30 min. In conclusion, ClO2 is a versatile virucidal agent suitable for different environmental matrices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10081017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T10:54:41Z","timestamp":1628765681000},"page":"1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Totaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Badalucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Laura","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Tuvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3609-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Casini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Privitera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Menchini Fabris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Rossore Dental Unit, 56122 San Rossore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Baggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and the New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J.-W., Huang, B.-S., Hsu, C.-W., Peng, C.-W., Cheng, M.-L., Kao, J.-Y., Way, T.-D., Yin, H.-C., and Wang, S.-S. 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