{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:45:32Z","timestamp":1761129932262,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine pulmonary aspergillosis is a rare deep mycosis often due to the hematogenous spread of hyphae after gastrointestinal tract disease. We describe herein the main clinic-pathological findings observed in a foal, which spontaneously died after showing diarrhea and respiratory distress. Necropsy and histopathological investigations allowed to diagnose pulmonary aspergillosis, which likely developed after necrotic typhlitis-colitis. Biomolecular studies identified Aspergillus section Fumigati strain as the causative agent. Notably, severe oxalate nephrosis was concurrently observed. Occasionally, oxalate nephropathy can be a sequela of pulmonary aspergillosis in humans. The present case report suggests that the renal precipitation of oxalates can occur also in horses affected by pulmonary aspergillosis and could likely contribute to the fatal outcome of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T09:27:57Z","timestamp":1629970077000},"page":"1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aspergillus Section Fumigati Pneumonia and Oxalate Nephrosis in a Foal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmine","family":"Hattab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Vulcano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Microbiologia Banca Biologica e Cell Factory, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"D\u2019Arezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Microbiologia Banca Biologica e Cell Factory, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Verni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Practitioner, Loc. Convento, 64023 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2408-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro Giorgio","family":"Tiscar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Lanteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Gjurcevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Tosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3176-3847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marruchella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myv067","article-title":"Aspergillus and aspergilloses in wild and domestic animals: A global health concern with parallels to human disease","volume":"53","author":"Seyedmousavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.01.015","article-title":"Fungal diseases of horses","volume":"167","author":"Cafarchia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500405","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis of horses: An association with acute enteritis","volume":"25","author":"Slocombe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2019.08.014","article-title":"Overexpression of the gene encoding alternative oxidase for enhanced glucose consumption in oxalic acid producing Aspergillus niger expressing oxaloacetate hydrolase gene","volume":"129","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis and the importance of oxalate crystal recognition in cytology specimens","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638716672254","article-title":"A retrospective study of the prevalence of calcium oxalate crystals in veterinary Aspergillus cases","volume":"29","author":"Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.11.2913-2919.1995","article-title":"Molecular probes for diagnosis of fungal infections","volume":"33","author":"Sandhu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.06.808","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis in horses: 29 cases (1974\u20131997)","volume":"214","author":"Sweeney","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-013-9726-0","article-title":"Equine pulmonary aspergillosis with encephalitic, myocardial, and renal dissemination","volume":"177","author":"Headley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00094.x","article-title":"Chronic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a horse with Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Carrasco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03229.x","article-title":"Intravascular leukostasis and systemic aspergillosis in a horse with subleukemic acute myelomonocytic leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(97)80014-X","article-title":"Equine pulmonary mycosis due to Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer","volume":"117","author":"Carrasco","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.05.589","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis associated with acute enteritis in a horse","volume":"199","author":"Hattel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600423","article-title":"Endocarditis and pulmonary aspergillosis in a horse","volume":"6","author":"Pace","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.145.1.16","article-title":"Sudden death of two horses associated with pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"145","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"16","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis in a mare","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"1971","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2005.00700.x","article-title":"Disseminated acute concomitant aspergillosis and mucormycosis in a pony","volume":"52","author":"Guillot","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1562","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis in a horse with myelomonocytic leukemia","volume":"190","author":"Blue","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1139\/m96-114","article-title":"Oxalate production by fungi: Its role in pathogenicity and ecology in the soil environment","volume":"42","author":"Dutton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"523","article-title":"Urinary system","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Maxie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2015.01.003","article-title":"Calcium oxalate in the sputum may aid in the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis: A report of two cases","volume":"8","author":"Maeno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00443010","article-title":"Oxalosis associated with an Aspergillus niger fungus ball. Report of a case","volume":"73","author":"Severo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"501","article-title":"Pulmonary oxalosis caused by Aspergillus niger","volume":"129","author":"Metzger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.6.1499","article-title":"Pulmonary oxalate deposition associated with Aspergillus niger infection. An oxidant hypothesis of toxicity","volume":"145","author":"Ghio","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0487-3","article-title":"Hemorrhagic pulmonary oxalosis secondary to a noninvasive Aspergillus niger fungus ball","volume":"451","author":"Roehrl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"558","article-title":"False-positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in aspergillosis with oxalosis","volume":"119","author":"Cho","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01564.x","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergilloma with renal oxalosis: Fatal effect at a distance","volume":"52","author":"Vaideeswar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.107838","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergilloma with prominent oxalate deposition","volume":"55","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13501","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13501","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient","volume":"23","author":"Trujillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"383","article-title":"Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Renal Oxalosis in an Elk","volume":"42","year":"2002","journal-title":"Korean J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-7.1.52","article-title":"Aspergillosis and renal oxalosis in a white-tailed deer. Case history","volume":"7","author":"Wyand","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/9\/1087\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:52:34Z","timestamp":1760165554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/9\/1087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens10091087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10091087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-0817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]}}}