{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:45:05Z","timestamp":1768319105583,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HEC-TDF","award":["TDF03-239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDF03-239"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic parasite that causes infection in a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. The main aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the recombinant SAG1 antigen (rSAG1) for T. gondii-IgG screening through the Human Toxo IgG ELISA Kit (K). The rSAG1 was expressed in E. coli (DE3), and it was purified through metal-affinity chromatography. The rSAG1 was confirmed by immunoblotting, and it had a band on 35 kDa. Total of 400 human sera were tested by LAT and K. One hundred and twenty-two (30.5%) sera were found positive by LAT and eighty-nine (22.25%) sera were found positive by K. Out of 400 samples, 80 were selected to evaluate the performance of K through commercial Toxoplasma gondii IgG ELISA Kit (C). Out of 80 human sera, 55 (68.75%) were found positive, 25 (31.25%) were found negative by K and C, respectively. The cut-off value for K was 0.398 and it was calculated through the receiver operator characteristic curve. The ELISA plates were coated at optimized concentration of rSAG1 = 0.125 \u00b5g\/mL, and the test was performed by diluting the sera at 1:50. The sensitivity and specificity of K were observed to be 98.5% and 100%, respectively. The six sera (K\u2212L+) were found positive through LAT and these human sera were later evaluated by Western blot analysis. These sera did not produce a band equivalent to 35 kDa on WB analysis thus, LAT produced false-positive results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of Human Toxo IgG ELISA Kit, and False-Positivity of Latex Agglutination Test for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1219-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Sarfraz-ur-Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8294-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3562-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Zubair","family":"Shabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ubaid","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0280-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dubey, J.P. (2010). Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/sajs.2013\/0017","article-title":"Effect of toxoplasmosis on personality profiles of Iranian men and women","volume":"109","author":"Khademvatan","year":"2013","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"2746","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women who have aborted in comparison with the women with normal delivery in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran","volume":"1","author":"Saki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: From animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.111732","article-title":"The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: A systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Torgerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990502","article-title":"Food-related illness and death in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Mead","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"20","article-title":"ERS updates US foodborne disease costs for seven pathogens","volume":"19","author":"Buzby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Food Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"141","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"63","author":"Latif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12336","article-title":"Antibody prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in women from Multan, Pakistan","volume":"64","author":"Nazir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2016.1175966","article-title":"Chronic toxoplasmosis and possible risk factors associated with pregnant women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","volume":"30","author":"Majid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pjz\/2017.49.6.2067.2077","article-title":"Sequence analysis of SAG2 of feline Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in Pakistan","volume":"49","author":"Nabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00052","article-title":"Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii strains at the global level and its determinants","volume":"15","author":"Galal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001844","article-title":"Geographical patterns of Toxoplasma gondii genetic diversity revealed by multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping","volume":"141","author":"Shwab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0902-6","article-title":"Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1144-1150.2000","article-title":"Recombinant antigens to detect Toxoplasma gondii\u2014Specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in human sera by enzyme immunoassay","volume":"38","author":"Aubert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00237-06","article-title":"Chimeric antigens of Toxoplasma gondii: Toward standardization of toxoplasmosis serodiagnosis using recombinant products","volume":"44","author":"Beghetto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.8.977-982.2005","article-title":"Seroreactivity to and avidity for recombinant antigens in toxoplasmosis","volume":"12","author":"Pfrepper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00117-13","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens as tools for serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis: Current status of studies","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.2001.1483","article-title":"High-level expression and purification of immunogenic recombinant SAG1 (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii in Escherichia coli","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"129","article-title":"Recombinant proteins from new constructs of SAG1 and GRA7 sequences and their usefulness to detect acute toxoplasmosis","volume":"29","author":"Kotresha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90134-8","article-title":"Cloning, expression, and cDNA sequence of surface antigen P22 from Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"43","author":"Prince","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"249","article-title":"Efficient production of the Toxoplasma gondii GRA6, p35 and SAG2 recombinant antigens and their applications in the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis","volume":"50","author":"Myjak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"48","article-title":"Expression and purification of P43 Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen","volume":"7","author":"Khanaliha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4552-6","article-title":"A new Toxoplasma gondii chimeric antigen containing fragments of SAG2, GRA1, and ROP1 proteins\u2014impact of immunodominant sequences size on its diagnostic usefulness","volume":"114","author":"Ferra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-5928(02)00593-4","article-title":"High yield expression and single-step purification of Toxoplasma gondii SAG1, GRA1, and GRA7 antigens in Escherichia coli","volume":"27","author":"Pietkiewicz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00341-08","article-title":"GRA2 and ROP1 recombinant antigens as potential markers for detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G in humans with acute toxoplasmosis","volume":"16","author":"Kur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3255-5","article-title":"Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular protein (GRA2) for serodiagnosis by western blot","volume":"112","author":"Ching","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90172-G","article-title":"Molecular cloning of GRA4, a Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein, recognized by mucosal IgA antibodies","volume":"56","author":"Mevelec","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.10.010","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: Recombinant GRA5 antigen for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"124","author":"Kur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00010-X","article-title":"Characterization of a dense granule antigen of Toxoplasma gondii (GRA6) associated to the network of the parasitophorous vacuole","volume":"70","author":"Lecordier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.12.002","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different fragments of recombinant microneme protein 1 (MIC1) for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies","volume":"119","author":"Holec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02629.x","article-title":"Recombinant proteins in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis","volume":"118","author":"Kotresha","year":"2010","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00419-06","article-title":"Use of MAG1 recombinant antigen for diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans","volume":"14","author":"Holec","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.1.9-15.1993","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis by using a recombinant form of the 54-kilodalton rhoptry antigen expressed in Escherichia coli","volume":"31","author":"Bosman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.5.627-631.1998","article-title":"Detection of human toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulins A, M, and G with a recombinant Toxoplasma gondii Rop2 protein","volume":"5","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2018.1478421","article-title":"Induction of Th1 type-oriented humoral response through intranasal immunization of mice with SAG1-Toxoplasma gondii polymeric nanospheres","volume":"46","author":"Naeem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.02.009","article-title":"Diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis by using the recombinant truncated surface antigen 1 of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.10.3584","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the gene encoding the major surface antigen of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"141","author":"Burg","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.10.3496","article-title":"Protection of mice from fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection by immunization with p30 antigen in liposomes","volume":"147","author":"Boothroyd","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2006.7.3.263","article-title":"Primary structure of mature SAG1 gene of an Indonesian Toxoplasma gondii and comparison with other strains","volume":"7","author":"Hartati","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/359082a0","article-title":"Virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii comprise a single clonal lineage","volume":"359","author":"Sibley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1779-1781.2004","article-title":"Usefulness of Toxoplasma gondii\u2014Specific recombinant antigens in sero diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis","volume":"42","author":"Pietkiewicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"89","article-title":"Comparison of a commercial ELISA with the modified agglutination test for detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera of naturally infected dogs and cats","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00512-12","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant SAG1 antigen to detect Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in human sera and saliva","volume":"20","author":"Bouratbine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200186","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.200186","article-title":"Use of ROC curves in clinical and experimental studies","volume":"19","author":"Polo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Bras."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(98)80035-9","article-title":"Advances in refolding of proteins produced in E. coli","volume":"9","author":"Lilie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)33995-9","article-title":"Similarities between the primary structures of two distinct major surface proteins of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"269","author":"Tomavo","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-011-0082-2","article-title":"Analysis of the antibodies anti-Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA based on two diagnostic antigens: rSAG1 and rBAG1","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Production and evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant surface antigen 1 (SAG1) for serodiagnosis of acute and chronic toxoplasma infection in human sera","volume":"7","author":"Selseleh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00522-2","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant SAG1","volume":"102","author":"Kimbita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"61","article-title":"High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats in Jharkhand state of India","volume":"12","author":"Bachan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"245","article-title":"Detection of IgG antibody to Toxoplasma gondii with rSAG1 for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis","volume":"24","author":"Si","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.11.6.675-681.1980","article-title":"Standardized quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Mangili, P., Vesco, G., Feliziani, F., Paoloni, A., Menichelli, M., Cagiola, M., Marini, C., Pourquier, P., and Papa, P. (October, January 30). Development and evaluation of the performance of an in-house ELISA to be used for the indirect diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in sheep. Proceedings of the XI Congresso Nazionale SIDi.LV, Parma, Italy."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-85","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercial ELISA kit for detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in serum, plasma and meat juice from experimentally and naturally infected sheep","volume":"6","author":"Glor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.2.228","article-title":"Comparative study of three tests (dye test, indirect haemagglutination test, latex agglutination test) for the detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human sera","volume":"35","author":"Balfour","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recombinant SAG1 antigen to detect Toxoplasma gondii specific immunoglobulin G in human sera by ELISA test","volume":"5","author":"Jalallou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00182-08","article-title":"LDBio-Toxo II Immunoglobulin G western blot confirmatory test for anti-toxoplasma antibody detection","volume":"46","author":"Franck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"485","article-title":"False positive reactions due to non-specific IgM in the toxoplasma indirect latex agglutination test","volume":"121","author":"Oshima","year":"1982","journal-title":"Igaku No Ayumi"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.10.1135","article-title":"Problems with serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infections in heart transplant recipients","volume":"39","author":"Wreghitt","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.11.2444-2446.1988","article-title":"Latex agglutination test for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"26","author":"Mazumder","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"115","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts through Copro-PCR in cats at pet center (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"68","author":"Nabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"22","article-title":"Preparation of calcium competent Escherichia coli and heat-shock transformation","volume":"1","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JEMI Methods"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S219281","article-title":"Development, optimization, and validation of an in-house Dot-ELISA rapid test based on SAG1 and GRA7 proteins for serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infections","volume":"12","author":"Teimouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shehadul Islam, M., Aryasomayajula, A., and Selvaganapathy, P.R. (2017). A review on macroscale and microscale cell lysis methods. Micromachines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi8030083"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/9\/1111\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:53:10Z","timestamp":1760165590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/9\/1111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens10091111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10091111","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]}}}