{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:33:27Z","timestamp":1785764007490,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ABG group of companies, under the GOI provisions for corporate social responsibility (CSR activity)","award":["ABG CSR activity"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABG CSR activity"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases continue to challenge human health. Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus are circulating, thus raising questions with respect to the effectiveness of different lines of treatment, such as vaccines and antiviral drugs. To find the appropriate prevention\/treatment, 21 plant-based ingredients (Glycyrrhizin, Withanone, Aloe-emodin, Rhein, Emodin, Chrysophanol, Physcion, Kaempferol, Progallin A, Gallic acid, Naringin, Quercetin, Luteolin, and Apigenin) having antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties were identified. We pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 on a lentiviral vector plasmid and tested the impact of five different herbal formulations in mammalian HEK293T cells. Viral inactivation assay showed that the natural extracts in a herb-derived phytoconstituent-based formulation, BITS-003, comprising Bacopa monnieri, Glycyerrhiza glabra, Asparagus racemosus-wild, and Nigella sativa had strong virucidal properties, inactivating enveloped viruses from 2log10 (or 99%) to &gt;4log10 (or 99.99%). Moreover, bacterial and yeast cells treated with BITS-003 displayed reduced growth. Topical use of the formulation as a mouthwash\/gargle could be effective in reducing symptoms of respiratory viral infections, with the potential to decrease the viral load in the buccal\/oral cavity. This may inhibit the coronavirus spreading to the lungs of infected persons and at the same time may reduce the risk of viral transmission to other susceptible persons through micro-droplets originating from the oral cavity of the infected person.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T23:05:12Z","timestamp":1630623912000},"page":"1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Indian Herb-Derived Phytoconstituent-Based Antiviral, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Formulation: An Oral Rinse Candidate for Oral Hygiene and the Potential Prevention of COVID-19 Outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shashwat","family":"Sharad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prostate Disease Research, John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.118","article-title":"The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses","volume":"16","author":"Petrova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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