{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:36:14Z","timestamp":1767969374518,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/04559-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/04559-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308678\/2018-4 and  301721\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308678\/2018-4 and  301721\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plasmodium malariae has a wide geographic distribution, but mainly at very low parasitemias and in co-infections, leading to an underestimated prevalence of this species. Studies for the detection of antibodies against Plasmodium recombinant proteins are increasingly used to map geographical distributions, seroprevalence and transmission intensities of malaria infection. However, no seroepidemiological survey using recombinant P. malariae proteins has been conducted in Brazil. This work evaluated the antibody response in serum samples of individuals from endemic regions of Brazil (the Amazon region and Atlantic Forest) against five recombinant proteins of P. malariae merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), and the MSP1 C-terminal portions of P. vivax and P. falciparum, in a multiplex assay. The positivity was 69.5% of samples recognizing at least one MSP1 recombinant protein. The mean of the Reactivity Index for the C-terminal portion of the P. falciparum was significantly higher compared to the other recombinant proteins, followed by the C-terminal of P. vivax and the N-terminal of P. malariae. Among the recombinant P. malariae proteins, the N-terminal of P. malariae showed the highest Reactivity Index alone. This study validates the use of the multiplex assay to measure naturally acquired IgG antibodies against Plasmodium MSP1 proteins and demonstrate that these proteins are important tools for seroepidemiological surveys and could be used in malaria surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:18:26Z","timestamp":1630934306000},"page":"1138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibody Profile Comparison against MSP1 Antigens of Multiple Plasmodium Species in Human Serum Samples from Two Different Brazilian Populations Using a Multiplex Serological Assay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana Ferreira","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Fernandez-Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2014Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izilda","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Laborat\u00f3rios Especializados, Superintend\u00eancia de Controle de Endemias, S\u00e3o Paulo 01027-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meire Ioshie","family":"Hiyane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2449-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Kirchgatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Laborat\u00f3rios Especializados, Superintend\u00eancia de Controle de Endemias, S\u00e3o Paulo 01027-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2806-y","article-title":"A Case of Plasmodium malariae recurrence: Recrudescence or reinfection?","volume":"18","author":"Grande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"579","article-title":"Plasmodium malariae: Parasite and disease","volume":"20","author":"Collins","year":"2007","journal-title":"C.M.R."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04797-0","article-title":"Global Trend of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. malaria infections in the last two decades (2000\u20132020): A systematic review and meta-sanalysis","volume":"14","author":"Hawadak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1838440","article-title":"Plasmodium malariae, current knowledge and future research opportunities on a neglected malaria parasite species","volume":"47","author":"Oriero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. 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