{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:53:43Z","timestamp":1784192023816,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Madrid, Spain","award":["SAF2006-09278 and No. SAF2010-20805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2006-09278 and No. SAF2010-20805"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education . Madrid, Spain","award":["BOS2002-01978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOS2002-01978"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain","award":["PI030545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI030545"]}]},{"name":"Programme of Redes Tem\u00e1ticas de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa RETICS\/FEDER), FIS, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain","award":["C03\/04, ISCIII2005-PI050574 and  ISCIII-RETIC RD06\/0021\/0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C03\/04, ISCIII2005-PI050574 and  ISCIII-RETIC RD06\/0021\/0017"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP), Egypt and the Directorate General for Cooperation and Development (DGCS), Ministry of Foreign Af-fairs, Italy","award":["AID No. 3703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID No. 3703"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Espa\u00f1ola de Cooperaci\u00f3n Internacional para el Desarrollo (A.E.C.I.D.) of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Madrid, Spain).","award":["P. Artigas predoctoral MAE fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P. Artigas predoctoral MAE fellowship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantitative coprological analyses of children were performed in Alexandria and Behera governorates, Egypt, to ascertain whether individual intensities in the Nile Delta lowlands reach high levels as those known in hyperendemic highland areas of Latin America. Analyses focused on subjects presenting intensities higher than 400 eggs per gram of faeces (epg), the high burden cut-off according to WHO classification. A total of 96 children were found to shed between 408 and 2304 epg, with arithmetic and geometric means of 699.5 and 629.07 epg, respectively. Intensities found are the highest hitherto recorded in Egypt, and also in the whole Old World. A total of 38 (39.6%) were males and 58 (60.4%) were females, with high intensities according to gender following a negative binomial distribution. The high burden distribution shows a peak in the 7\u201310 year-old children group, more precocious in females than males. Results showed high burdens in winter to be remarkably higher than those known in summer. The fascioliasis scenario in Egyptian lowlands shows similarities to highlands of Bolivia and Peru. Diagnostic methods, pathogenicity and morbidity in high burdens should be considered. The need for an appropriate quantitative assessment of heavy infected children to avoid post-treatment colic episodes is highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:13:47Z","timestamp":1631924027000},"page":"1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Very High Fascioliasis Intensities in Schoolchildren from Nile Delta Governorates, Egypt: The Old World Highest Burdens Found in Lowlands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1470-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Victoria","family":"Periago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s\/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1584-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Adela","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s\/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2815-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Artigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s\/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica H.","family":"Agramunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s\/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Dolores","family":"Bargues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s\/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Curtale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. Rapporti internazionali, con le Regioni e Gestione del Ciclo di Progetto, Istituto Nazionale per la Promozione della Salute delle Popolazioni Migranti e il Contrasto delle Malattie della Povert\u00e0, 00153 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1685-7004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Mas-Coma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s\/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(09)69002-3","article-title":"Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control","volume":"69","author":"Valero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X229077","article-title":"Characterisation of Lymnaea cubensis, L. viatrix and L. neotropica n. sp., the main vectors of Fasciola hepatica in Latin America, by analysis of their ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA","volume":"101","author":"Bargues","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. 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