{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:21:36Z","timestamp":1760235696705,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004694","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMU-KI110002","KMU-TC109B05","KMU-TC109A04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-KI110002","KMU-TC109B05","KMU-TC109A04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2314-B-037-119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2314-B-037-119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH-DK109005-1","KMUH-DK109002","KMUH-DK(C)110011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH-DK109005-1","KMUH-DK109002","KMUH-DK(C)110011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is an RNA virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to propagate into hepatocytes, with Genotype I being more prevalent globally. However, the prevalence of HDV genotypes in Taiwan is unknown. Accordingly, a cohort including 24 chronic HBV patients who received nucleos(t)ides (NUCs) between January 2002 and July 2018 was used to determine HDV genotypes and genotype specific serological association in chronic HBV carriers. HDV-positive genotypes in 18\/24 (75%) males and 6\/24 (25%) females were identified among chronic HBV patients. Viremia was lower in HDV-IV patients than in patients affected with other HDV genotypes (1.34 log10 copies\/mL vs. 3.30 log10 copies\/mL; p = 0.009). A logistics regression analysis revealed that HDV-IV was inversely proportional to HDV RNA (odds ratio [OR]\/95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.370\/0.164\u20130.830; p = 0.017). The serologic association study indicated lower levels of creatinine (p = 0.047) and HDV-RNA (p = 0.009) in the HDV-IV group than the non-HDV-IV group but did not indicate any significant differences in the AST, ALT, bilirubin levels or other laboratory test factors. The three genotypes evident in Taiwan were HDV-I (4\/24, 16.7%), HDV-II (6\/24, 25.0%), and HDV-IV (14\/24, 58.3%), and HDV-IV is the predominant HDV genotype in Taiwan. These results anticipate a clear understanding of HDV genotype serological association in chronic HBV carriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1632443433000},"page":"1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence and Serological Association of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8609-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keva","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M. Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5954-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciniso Sylvester","family":"Shabangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyng-Yuan","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3367-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2296-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee-Fu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2376-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan-Long","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Hepatitis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8145-1900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Lung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Hepatitis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9691-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.12.997","article-title":"Immunofluorescence 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