{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:54:18Z","timestamp":1789588458105,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last years, invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi have constituted a serious threat to public health worldwide. Aspergillus, Coccidioides, Mucorales (the most common filamentous fungi), and Candida auris (non-filamentous fungus) can cause infections in humans. They are able to cause critical life-threatening illnesses in immunosuppressed individuals, patients with HIV\/AIDS, uncontrolled diabetes, hematological diseases, transplantation, and chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the available nanoformulations (both metallic and polymers-based nanoparticles) developed to increase efficacy and reduce the number of adverse effects after the administration of conventional antifungals. To treat aspergillosis and infections caused by Candida, multiple strategies have been used to develop new therapeutic alternatives, such as incorporating coating materials, complexes synthesized by green chemistry, or coupled with polymers. However, the therapeutic options for coccidioidomycosis and mucormycosis are limited; most of them are in the early stages of development. Therefore, more research needs to be performed to develop new therapeutic alternatives that contribute to the progress of this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T06:38:41Z","timestamp":1634107121000},"page":"1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Nanomaterial-Based Antifungal Therapies to Combat Fungal Diseases Aspergillosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Mucormycosis, and Candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5686-4639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Le\u00f3n-Buitimea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza C.P. 66455, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Parque de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Apodaca C.P. 66628, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier A.","family":"Garza-Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza C.P. 66455, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Parque de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Apodaca C.P. 66628, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Y.","family":"Gallegos-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza C.P. 66455, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macario","family":"Osorio-Concepci\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza C.P. 66455, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Parque de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Apodaca C.P. 66628, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7009-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ruben","family":"Morones-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza C.P. 66455, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Parque de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Apodaca C.P. 66628, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12510","article-title":"Fungal evolution: Major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions","volume":"94","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. 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