{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:59:08Z","timestamp":1779249548150,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We assessed the association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection of the central nervous system and suicide correlates in suicide decedents. Eighty-seven decedents who died by suicide received in a forensic setting for medico-legal autopsies in Mexico City were studied. Two samples of brain (amygdala and prefrontal cortex) from each decedent were examined for detection of T. gondii using immunohistochemistry. Correlates of suicide including a history of previous suicide attempts, co-morbid mental disorder, consumption of alcohol or tobacco, irritability and aggression, economic problems, presence of drugs or alcohol in blood and suicide method were obtained and analyzed for their association with T. gondii infection. T. gondii immunohistochemistry was positive in prefrontal cortex sections in 6 decedents and in an amygdala section in one decedent. Thus, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in brain in suicide victims was 8.0% (7\/87). Bivariate and logistic regression analysis of suicide correlates showed that only a history of depression was associated with T. gondii infection of the brain in suicide victims (OR: 12.00; 95% CI: 2.26\u201363.46; p = 0.003). Our results provide evidence that T. gondii infection in brain is associated with a history of depression in suicide decedents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T21:48:39Z","timestamp":1634161719000},"page":"1313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Brain and a History of Depression in Suicide Decedents: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Cosme","family":"Alvarado-Esquivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Alejandra","family":"Mendoza-Larios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amphitheater and Department of Education, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2976-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Garc\u00eda-Dolores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amphitheater and Department of Education, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Irasema","family":"Antuna-Salcido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Rocha-Salais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela Araceli","family":"Segoviano-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Sifuentes-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.693197","article-title":"A review on human toxoplasmosis","volume":"44","author":"Saadatnia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. 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