{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:28:33Z","timestamp":1760236113595,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretary of Public Education, Mexico.","award":["DSA\/103.5\/14\/11311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DSA\/103.5\/14\/11311"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We determined the association between T. gondii seropositivity and a history of sexual promiscuity. The study included 3933 people (mean age: 41.81 \u00b1 14.31 years) who attended public health facilities. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Enzyme immunoassays were used to determine anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 57 (18.1%) of 315 individuals with sexual promiscuity and in 374 (10.3%) of 3618 individuals without this practice (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.41\u20132.60; p &lt; 0.0001). High (&gt;150 IU\/mL) levels of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 29 (9.2%) of the 315 participants with sexual promiscuity and in 167 (4.6%) of the 3618 participants without this history (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.38\u20133.16; p = 0.0003). The association of sexual promiscuity with T. gondii seropositivity and serointensity was observed in men but not in women. Sexual promiscuity was associated with T. gondii seropositivity in all age groups studied (\u226430 years, 31\u201350 years, and &gt;50 years) and with T. gondii serointensity in two age groups (\u226430 years, and &gt;50 years). No difference in the frequencies of anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies among the groups was found. Our findings indicate that T. gondii seropositivity and serointensity are associated with sexual promiscuity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T23:51:36Z","timestamp":1635465096000},"page":"1393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is Toxoplasma gondii Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0367-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosme","family":"Alvarado-Esquivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Estrada-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera-Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agar","family":"Ramos-Nev\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma Rosa","family":"P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera-Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Beristain-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda y Obstetricia, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel Osvaldo","family":"Alvarado-F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Margarita","family":"Cerrillo-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Alexis","family":"Alvarado-F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Guido-Arreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"S\u00e1enz-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Sifuentes-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00103","article-title":"Mechanisms of Human Innate Immune Evasion by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"9","author":"Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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