{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:34:44Z","timestamp":1793504084430,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF-MG-20191021151912477-514867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-MG-20191021151912477-514867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infections are a global public health threat. In endemic regions, fever is the main reason for medical attention, and the etiological agent of such fever is not usually identified. In this study, non-specific febrile pathogens were molecularly characterized in serum samples from 253 patients suspected of arbovirus infection. The samples were collected in the southern border region of Mexico from April to June 2015, and February to March 2016. ZIKV, CHIKV, DENV, leptospirosis, and rickettsiosis were detected by qPCR and nested PCR to identify flavivirus and alphavirus genera. The results indicated that 71.93% of the samples were positive for CHIKV, 0.79% for ZIKV, and 0.39% for DENV, with the number positive for CHIKV increasing to 76.67% and those positive for ZIKV increasing to 15.41% under the nested PCR technique. Leptospira Kmetyi was identified for the first time in Mexico, with a prevalence of 3.16%. This is the first report of ZIKV in Mexico, as well the first detection of the virus in early 2015. In conclusion, the etiological agent of fever was determined in 94% of the analyzed samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T22:08:41Z","timestamp":1636409321000},"page":"1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Associated Pathogens in Febrile Patients during Inter-Epidemic Periods of Urban Arboviral Diseases in Tapachula Southern Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Geovana","family":"Calvo-Anguiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S\/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 de Jes\u00fas","family":"Lugo-Trampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S\/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Ponce-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Lugo-Trampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana \u201cDr. Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez\u201d, Campus IV, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30792, Chiapas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1442-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Elia","family":"Martinez-Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S\/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Ibarra-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S\/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3668-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Daniel","family":"Campos-Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S\/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Caballero-Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Hospital Dr. Roberto Nettel Flores, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Av. Tuxtepec y Oaxaca S\/N, Francisco Villa, Tapachula 30740, Chiapas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan Esteban","family":"Juache-Villagrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildefonso","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Av. Mutualismo, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-8865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Elizabeth","family":"Flores-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5988-4168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iram Pablo","family":"Rodriguez-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2691-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina del Carmen","family":"Trujillo-Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana \u201cDr. Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez\u201d, Campus IV, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30792, Chiapas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ananth, S., Shrestha, N., Trevi\u00f1o, J.A.T., Nguyen, U.-S., Haque, U., Angulo-Molina, A., Lopez-Lemus, U.A., Lubinda, J., Sharif, R.M., and Zaki, R.A. (2020). Clinical Symptoms of Arboviruses in Mexico. 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