{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:23:25Z","timestamp":1790879005283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["agreement \u2116075-15.2019-1671 dated October, 31. 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["agreement \u2116075-15.2019-1671 dated October, 31. 2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main pathogenic factor of Bacillus anthracis is a three-component toxin encoded by the pagA, lef, and cya genes, which are located on the pXO1 plasmid. The atxA gene, which encodes the primary regulator of pathogenicity factor expression, is located on the same plasmid. In this work, we evaluated the polymorphism of the pagA, lef, cya, and atxA genes for 85 B. anthracis strains from different evolutionary lineages and canSNP groups. We have found a strong correlation of 19 genotypes with the main evolutionary lineages, but the correlation with the canSNP group of the strain was not as strong. We have detected several genetic markers indicating the geographical origin of the strains, for example, their source from the steppe zone of the former USSR. We also found that strains of the B.Br.001\/002 group caused an anthrax epidemic in Russia in 2016 and strains isolated during paleontological excavations in the Russian Arctic have the same genotype as the strains of the B.Br.CNEVA group circulating in Central Europe. This data could testify in favor of the genetic relationship of these two groups of strains and hypothesize the ways of distribution of their ancestral forms between Europe and the Arctic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:56Z","timestamp":1638314576000},"page":"1556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sequence Variability of pXO1-Located Pathogenicity Genes of Bacillus anthracis Natural Strains of Different Geographic Origin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yulia","family":"Goncharova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Bahtejeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Titareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kravchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0502-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Lev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Dyatlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitalii","family":"Timofeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008). 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