{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:01:10Z","timestamp":1788566470562,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRODEP","award":["PRODEP\/511-6\/17-8017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRODEP\/511-6\/17-8017"]}]},{"name":"CONACYT-Mexico","award":["fellowship number 675962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["fellowship number 675962"]}]},{"name":"Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla","award":["R.C.R-G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.C.R-G"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Haemophilus influenzae is the causal agent of invasive pediatric diseases, such as meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, pericarditis, cellulitis, and bacteremia (serotype b). Non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) strains are associated with localized infections, such as otitis media, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia, and can cause invasive diseases, such as as meningitis and sepsis in immunocompromised hosts. Enolase is a multifunctional protein and can act as a receptor for plasminogen, promoting its activation to plasmin, which leads to the degradation of components of the extracellular matrix, favoring host tissue invasion. In this study, using molecular docking, three important residues involved in plasminogen interaction through the plasminogen-binding motif (251EFYNKENGMYE262) were identified in non-typeable H. influenzae enolase (NTHiENO). Interaction with the human plasminogen kringle domains is conformationally stable due to the formation of four hydrogen bonds corresponding to enoTYR253-plgGLU1 (K2), enoTYR253-plgGLY310 (K3), and enoLYS255-plgARG471\/enoGLU251-plgLYS468 (K5). On the other hand, in vitro assays, such as ELISA and far-western blot, showed that NTHiENO is a plasminogen-binding protein. The inhibition of this interaction using polyclonal anti-NTHiENO antibodies was significant. With these results, we can propose that NTHiENO\u2013plasminogen interaction could be one of the mechanisms used by H. influenzae to adhere to and invade host cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T08:17:58Z","timestamp":1639124278000},"page":"1614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Structural Characterization of Haemophilus influenzae Enolase and Its Interaction with Human Plasminogen by In Silico and In Vitro Assays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1298-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesenia","family":"Osorio-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8062-4160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Gonzalez-Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Elizabeth","family":"Hernandez-Ceron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Licenciatura en Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72420, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Lozano-Zarain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ygnacio","family":"Martinez-Laguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Raul","family":"Gonzalez-Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director de Investigaci\u00f3n Educativa, Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar,  Acapulco 39355, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa del Carmen","family":"Rocha-Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0162-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Carabarin-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"},{"name":"Licenciatura en Biotecnolog\u00eda, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2110.150004","article-title":"Invasive Disease Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"21","author":"Langereis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. 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