{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:40:19Z","timestamp":1760236819125,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The S. mansoni adult worm n-butanol extract (Sm-AWBE) has been previously shown to contain specific S. mansoni antigens that have been used for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in solid phase alkaline phosphatase immunoassay (APIA) and western blot (WB) analyses. Sm-AWBE was also used in immunoprotection studies against a fatal live-cercariae challenge in experimental mouse vaccination (~43% protection). The Sm-AWBE fraction was prepared by mixing adult worm membranous suspensions with aqueous-saturated n-butanol, centrifuging and recovering n-butanol-resistant proteins in the aqueous phase. Here we report a preliminary identification of Sm-AWBE protein components as revealed from a qualitative proteomic study after processing Sm-AWBE by 1D-gel electrophoresis, in-gel and in-solution tryptic digestions, and mass spectrometry analyses. We identified 33 proteins in Sm-AWBE, all previously known S. mansoni proteins and antigens; among them, immunomodulatory proteins and proteins mostly involved in host\u2013parasite interactions. About 81.8% of the identified Sm-AWBE proteins are antigenic. STRING analysis showed a set of Sm-AWBE proteins configuring a small network of interactive proteins and a group of proteins without interactions. Functional groups of proteins included muscle contraction, antioxidant, GPI-anchored phosphoesterases, regulatory 14-3-3, various enzymes and stress proteins. The results widen the possibilities to design novel antigen combinations for better diagnostic and immunoprotective strategies for schistosomiasis control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worm Protective and Diagnostic Proteins in n-Butanol Extracts Revealed by Proteomic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Guidenn","family":"Sulbar\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitolog\u00eda, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IVIC), Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovani C.","family":"Verissimo da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas, Instituto de Sa\u00fade de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Nova Friburgo 28625-650, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Losada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Biohemintiasis, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2615-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-592, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Italo M.","family":"Cesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitolog\u00eda, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IVIC), Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.03.004","article-title":"A quantitative proteomic analysis of the tegumental proteins from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula reveals novel potential therapeutic targets","volume":"45","author":"Sotillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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