{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:22:30Z","timestamp":1788477750779,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K43TW011006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K43TW011006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculous meningitis disproportionately affects young children. As the most devastating form of tuberculosis, it is associated with unacceptably high rates of mortality and morbidity even if treated. Challenging to diagnose and treat, tuberculous meningitis commonly causes long-term neurodisability in those who do survive. There remains an urgent need for strengthened surveillance, improved rapid diagnostics technology, optimised anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, investigation of new host-directed therapy, and further research on long-term functional and neurodevelopmental outcomes to allow targeted intervention. This review focuses on the neglected field of paediatric tuberculous meningitis and bridges current clinical gaps with research questions to improve outcomes from this crippling disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T23:29:07Z","timestamp":1640906947000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Tuberculous Meningitis in Children: Reducing the Burden of Death and Disability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1439-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yara-Natalie","family":"Abo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"du Preez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan","family":"Solomons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly E","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2296-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A","family":"Seddon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"392","article-title":"The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: A critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era","volume":"8","author":"Marais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. 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