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We examined cell-autonomous alterations in gene expression profiles associated with hepatitis C viral presence. Highly sensitive single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization applied to frozen tissue sections of a hepatitis C patient allowed the delineation of clusters of infected hepatocytes. Laser microdissection followed by RNAseq analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive and -negative regions from the tumoral and non-tumoral tissues from the same patient revealed HCV-related deregulation of expression of genes in the tumor and in the non-tumoral tissue. However, there was little overlap between both gene sets. Our interest in alterations that increase the probability of tumorigenesis prompted the examination of genes whose expression was increased by the virus in the non-transformed cells and whose level remained high in the tumor. This strategy led to the identification of a novel HCV target gene: GOLT1B, which encodes a protein involved in ER-Golgi trafficking. We further show that GOLT1B expression is induced during the unfolded protein response, that its presence is essential for efficient viral replication, and that its expression is correlated with poor outcome in HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T20:49:38Z","timestamp":1641242978000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["GOLT1B Activation in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes Links ER Trafficking and Viral Replication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Butterworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1105-8115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Gregoire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando Andres","family":"Roca Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, 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