{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:18:07Z","timestamp":1783977487921,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The treatment of infections by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has become more difficult due to increased rates of resistances against various antibiotics. Typically, atriple therapy, employing a combination of at least two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor, is used to cure H. pylori infections. In case of first-line therapy failure, quinolones are commonly applied in a second-line therapy. To prevent second-line treatment failures, we developed an improved method to detect the most common quinolone-resistance mutations located in the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the bacterial gyrA gene. Biopsy material from the gastric mucosa of infected patients was used to identify quinolone-resistant strains before the onset of drug administration. Two different wild-type and six mutant QRDR sequences were included. Melting curve analyses were performed with corresponding gyrA plasmid DNAs using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. By applying a combination of only two different fluorescent probes, this assay allows wild-type sequences to be unambiguously distinguished from all known mutant QRDR sequences of H. pylori. Next, the Tm values of patient DNAs were established, and the genotypes were confirmed by sequencing. Thus, quinolone-resistant H. pylori strains can be easily and quickly diagnosed before treatment, which will help to avoid the administration of ineffective drug regimes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T20:21:56Z","timestamp":1641759716000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rapid Detection of Quinolone Resistance Mutations in gyrA of Helicobacter pylori by Real-Time PCR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"Haumaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV\u2014Biophysikalische Chemie, Universit\u00e4t Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Stra\u00dfe 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schneider-Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Stra\u00dfe 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8948-8254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Backert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biologie, Lehrstuhl F\u00fcr Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Staudtstra\u00dfe 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Stra\u00dfe 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Stra\u00dfe 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Sterlacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Stra\u00dfe 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Stra\u00dfe 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6024-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgitta M.","family":"W\u00f6hrl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV\u2014Biophysikalische Chemie, Universit\u00e4t Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Bayreuther Zentrum f\u00fcr Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universit\u00e4t Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"347","author":"Suerbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. 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