{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:10:36Z","timestamp":1792289436872,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) represents a rare and severe pathology secondary to chronic urinary obstruction and recurrent infections. Commonly, this condition leads to loss of kidney function, and frequently, surgical approach is the only optional treatment. Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli are the most frequent pathogens associated with XGP. The actual changes in the pathogen\u2019s characteristics increased the risk of newly acquired infections once considered opportunistic. Stenotrophomonas malthophilia is one of those agents more related to immunocompromised patients, presenting an increased incidence and modified antibiotic resistance profile in the modern era. This case report presents a healthy female patient with an underlying renal stone pathology diagnosed with XGP related to S. maltophilia urinary infection. After a complete biological and imagistic evaluation, the case was treated as pyonephrosis. Empirical antibiotic administration and a surgical approach were considered. A total nephrectomy was performed, but the patient\u2019s condition did not improve. The patient\u2019s status improved when specific antibiotics were administered based on the bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of drained perinephric fluid. Levofloxacin and Vancomycin were considered the optimal combination in this case. The histopathological examination revealed XGP secondary to chronic renal stone. The present study describes the first case of XGP related to an aerobic Gram-negative pathogen such as S. maltophilia, once considered opportunistic, in an apparently healthy female adult.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia\u2014The First Case Report and Brief Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u0103zvan-Cosmin","family":"Petca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u0103zvan-Alexandru","family":"D\u0103n\u0103u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6614-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u0103zvan-Ionu\u021b","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Damian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1005-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Mare\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4890-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Petca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viorel","family":"Jinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-019-00658-4","article-title":"World Health Organization report: Current crisis of antibiotic resistance","volume":"9","author":"Abadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3113-6","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia as an emerging opportunistic pathogen in association with HIV infection: A 10-year surveillance study","volume":"31","author":"Calza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.3.508","article-title":"Bacteremia due to Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia: A prospective, multicenter study of 91 episodes","volume":"22","author":"Muder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. 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