{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:18:40Z","timestamp":1778260720489,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-000627-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-000627-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPM-00428-17 and RED-00081-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPM-00428-17 and RED-00081-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006520","name":"Edwards Lifesciences (United States)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Improving the Prevention and Detection of Heart Valve Disease Across the Lifespan, 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Improving the Prevention and Detection of Heart Valve Disease Across the Lifespan, 2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312382\/2019-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312382\/2019-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310679\/2016-8 and 465518\/2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310679\/2016-8 and 465518\/2014-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to use echocardiographic (echo) screening to evaluate the risk of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) among the relatives of patients with advanced RHD, who were enrolled in the University Hospital\u2019s outpatient clinics from February 2020 to September 2021. Consenting first-degree relatives were invited for echo screening using handheld devices (GE VSCAN) by non-physicians, with remote interpretation. Matched controls (spouses, neighbors) living in the same household were enrolled in a 1:5 fashion. A standard echo (GE Vivid-IQ) was scheduled if abnormalities were observed. In 16 months, 226 relatives and 47 controls of 121 patients were screened, including 129 children, 77 siblings and 20 parents. The mean age was 40 \u00b1 17 years, 67% of the patients were women, and 239 (88%) lived with the index case for &gt;10 years. Echo findings suggestive of RHD were confirmed in zero controls and 14 (7.5%) relatives (p = 0.05): 11 patients had mild\/moderate mitral regurgitation, and four were associated with mitral stenosis and abnormal morphology. Two patients had mild aortic regurgitation and abnormal morphology, which were associated with mild aortic and mitral stenosis, and two patients with advanced RHD had bioprostheses in the mitral (2) and aortic (1) positions. In conclusion, first-degree relatives of individuals with clinical RHD are at greater risk of having RHD, on top of socioeconomic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T21:07:11Z","timestamp":1643144831000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Investigation of the Familial Risk of Rheumatic Heart Disease with Systematic Echocardiographic Screening: Data from the PROVAR+ Family Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Juliane","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5586-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno R.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Departmento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea Z.","family":"Beaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaciane K. B.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia M.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanny Cristina C.","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Departmento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4416-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayana F.","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana A.","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cec\u00edlia L.","family":"Nassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breno C.","family":"Spolaor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina F.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor R. H","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6050-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Augusto A.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2740-0042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio L.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Departmento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Sable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Children\u2019s National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmo P.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessa\u00fade do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Departmento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"On behalf of the PROVAR+ (Programa de RastreamentO da VAlvopatia Reum\u00e1tica e outras Doen\u00e7as Cardiovasculares) investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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