{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:39:31Z","timestamp":1793659171715,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V027859\/1 and COV0319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V027859\/1 and COV0319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government","award":["COV\/LTE\/20\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COV\/LTE\/20\/15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging evidence has shown that COVID-19 survivors could suffer from persistent symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether these symptoms persist over the longer term. This study aimed to systematically synthesise evidence on post-COVID symptoms persisting for at least 12 months. We searched PubMed and Embase for papers reporting at least one-year follow-up results of COVID-19 survivors published by 6 November 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of specific post-COVID symptoms. Eighteen papers that reported one-year follow-up data from 8591 COVID-19 survivors were included. Fatigue\/weakness (28%, 95% CI: 18\u201339), dyspnoea (18%, 95% CI: 13\u201324), arthromyalgia (26%, 95% CI: 8\u201344), depression (23%, 95% CI: 12\u201334), anxiety (22%, 95% CI: 15\u201329), memory loss (19%, 95% CI: 7\u201331), concentration difficulties (18%, 95% CI: 2\u201335), and insomnia (12%, 95% CI: 7\u201317) were the most prevalent symptoms at one-year follow-up. Existing evidence suggested that female patients and those with more severe initial illness were more likely to suffer from the sequelae after one year. This study demonstrated that a sizeable proportion of COVID-19 survivors still experience residual symptoms involving various body systems one year later. There is an urgent need for elucidating the pathophysiologic mechanisms and developing and testing targeted interventions for long-COVID patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:23:29Z","timestamp":1645431809000},"page":"269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":517,"title":["Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of One-Year Follow-Up Studies on Post-COVID Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1814-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK"},{"name":"Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"},{"name":"Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0564-4000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Daines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, January 17). 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