{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:33:35Z","timestamp":1777505615281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, a natural inhabitant of brackish water. Effective control of cholera outbreaks depends on prompt detection of the pathogen from clinical specimens and tracking its source in the environment. Although the epidemiology of cholera is well studied, rapid detection of V. cholerae remains a challenge, and data on its abundance in environmental sources are limited. Here, we describe a sensitive molecular quantification assay by qPCR, which can be used on-site in low-resource settings on water without the need for DNA extraction. This newly optimized method exhibited 100% specificity for total V. cholerae as well as V. cholerae O1 and allowed detection of as few as three target CFU per reaction. The limit of detection is as low as 5 \u00d7 103 CFU\/L of water after concentrating biomass from the sample. The ability to perform qPCR on water samples without DNA extraction, portable features of the equipment, stability of the reagents at 4 \u00b0C and user-friendly online software facilitate fast quantitative analysis of V. cholerae. These characteristics make this assay extremely useful for field research in resource-poor settings and could support continuous monitoring in cholera-endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T22:15:04Z","timestamp":1647468904000},"page":"363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assay for Evaluating the Abundance of Vibrio cholerae and Its O1 Serogroup Subpopulation from Water without DNA Extraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tania","family":"Nasreen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9590-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora A.S.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2859-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia Yee","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3357-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Zhi Jie","family":"Aw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie K.","family":"Yanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0036-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann F.","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6981","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00517-09","article-title":"Quadruplex real-time PCR assay for detection and identification of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 strains and determination of their toxigenic potential","volume":"75","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. 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