{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:01:30Z","timestamp":1791475290952,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: It is a consensus that inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells contribute to changes in endothelial permeability in dengue. We propose to relate inflammatory mediators seen in dengue patients with the in vitro alteration of endothelial cells (ECs) cultured with serum from these patients. Methods: Patients with mild (DF) to moderate and severe dengue (DFWS\/Sev) were selected. ELISA quantified inflammatory mediators. Expression of adhesion molecules and CD147 were evaluated in the ECs cultured with the patient\u2019s serum by flow cytometry. We assessed endothelial permeability by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance in cocultures of ECs with patient serum. Results: Dengue infection led to an increase in inflammatory mediators\u2014the IL-10 distinguished DF from DFWS\/Sev. There were no changes in CD31, CD54, and CD106 but decreased CD147 expression in ECs. DFWS\/Sev sera induced a greater difference in endothelial permeability than DF sera. Correlation statistical test indicated that low IL-10 and IFN-\u03b3 and high CCL5 maintain the integrity of ECs in DF patients. In contrast, increased TNF, IFN-\u03b3, CXCL8, and CCL2 maintain EC integrity in DFWS\/Sev patients. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that a subset of inflammatory mediators may be related to the maintenance or loss of endothelial integrity, reflecting the clinical prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T02:14:39Z","timestamp":1650939279000},"page":"509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Subsets of Cytokines and Chemokines from DENV-4-Infected Patients Could Regulate the Endothelial Integrity of Cultured Microvascular Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marcio da Costa","family":"Cipitelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3243-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iury Amancio","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Badolato-Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00edntia Ferreira","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Edgar","family":"Fiestas Sol\u00f3rzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieli Rodrigues","family":"da Costa Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flavivirus Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzinandes Leal","family":"de Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Jos\u00e9","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia de Doen\u00e7as Imuno-Infecciosas, Campos dos Goytacazes 28025-496, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Campos dos Goytacazes 28035-581, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6622-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rivaldo Ven\u00e2ncio","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzia Maria","family":"de-Oliveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normal Endothelium","volume":"176","author":"Pries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vasc. Endothel. I"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.24530","article-title":"Biomarkers of endothelial activation\/dysfunction in infectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"Page","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e328338664b","article-title":"Control of endothelial barrier function by regulating vascular endothelial-cadherin","volume":"17","author":"Vestweber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1160\/TH12-09-0678","article-title":"Cellular and molecular regulation of vascular permeability","volume":"109","author":"Goddard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq137","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelial glycocalyx: Acute deficits, but great potential","volume":"87","author":"Becker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"3527","article-title":"Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders","volume":"91","author":"Cines","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.06.006","article-title":"Virus interactions with endothelial cell receptors: Implications for viral pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Dalrymple","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S271","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129669.21649.40","article-title":"Endothelium as an organ system","volume":"32","author":"Aird","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"225","article-title":"Vascular permeability to plasma, plasma proteins, and cells: An update","volume":"17","author":"Dvorak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60417-2","article-title":"Microvascular and endothelial function for risk prediction in dengue: An observational study","volume":"385","author":"Yacoub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12748","article-title":"Pathogenesis of vascular leak in dengue virus infection","volume":"151","author":"Malavige","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2012.08.021","article-title":"Autopsy findings in fatal dengue haemorrhagic fever\u201406 Cases","volume":"69","author":"Rathi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19652-0","article-title":"IL8 release, tight junction and cytoskeleton dynamic reorganization conducive to permeability increase are induced by dengue virus infection of microvascular endothelial monolayers","volume":"85","author":"Talavera","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.014159-0","article-title":"Cross-talk between Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases regulates formation of filopodia required for dengue virus type-2 entry into HMEC-1 cells","volume":"90","author":"Castillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2014.0195","article-title":"Dengue Virus Infection of Primary Endothelial Cells Induces Innate Immune Responses, Changes in Endothelial Cells Function and Is Restricted by Interferon-Stimulated Responses","volume":"35","author":"Calvert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.04.022","article-title":"Comparative whole genome analysis of dengue virus serotype-2 strains differing in trans-endothelial cell leakage induction in vitro","volume":"52","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304ra142","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa3863","article-title":"Dengue virus NS1 protein activates cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and disrupts endothelial cell monolayer integrity","volume":"7","author":"Modhiran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puerta-Guardo, H., Glasner, D., and Harris, E. (2016). Dengue Virus NS1 Disrupts the Endothelial Glycocalyx, Leading to Hyperpermeability. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005738"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H.-R., Chao, C.-H., Liu, C.-C., Ho, T.-S., Tsai, H.-P., Perng, G.-C., Lin, Y.-S., Wang, J.-R., and Yeh, T.-M. (2018). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critical for dengue NS1-induced endothelial glycocalyx degradation and hyperpermeability. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007033"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840654","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/840654","article-title":"Roles for Endothelial Cells in Dengue Virus Infection","volume":"2012","author":"Dalrymple","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernando, S., Wijewickrama, A., Gomes, L., Punchihewa, C.T., Madusanka, S.D.P., Dissanayake, H., Jeewandara, C., Peiris, H., Ogg, G.S., and Malavige, G.N. (2016). Patterns and causes of liver involvement in acute dengue infection. BMC Infect. Dis., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1656-2"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.07.016","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide acts synergistically with the dengue virus to induce monocyte production of platelet activating factor and other inflammatory mediators","volume":"133","author":"Kamaladasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2016.123","article-title":"Synergistic Effect of TNF-\u03b1 and Dengue Virus Infection on Adhesion Molecule Reorganization in Human Endothelial Cells","volume":"70","author":"Inyoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.06.013","article-title":"Increment of interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, nitric oxide, C-reactive protein and apoptosis in dengue","volume":"104","author":"Levy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02637","article-title":"Dengue Virus Infection Activates Interleukin-1\u03b2; to Induce Tissue Injury and Vascular Leakage","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1086\/599795","article-title":"Dengue Virus Infection Differentially Regulates Endothelial Barrier Function over Time through Type I Interferon Effects","volume":"200","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2009). Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control: New Edition, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heringer, M., Souza, T.M.A., Lima, M.D.R.Q., Nunes, P.C.G., Faria, N.R.D.C., De Bruycker-Nogueira, F., Chouin-Carneiro, T., Nogueira, R.M.R., and Dos Santos, F.B. (2017). Dengue type 4 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Case characterization following its introduction in an endemic region. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2488-4"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307610","article-title":"Endothelial Cell Junctional Adhesion Molecules: Role and Regulation of Expression in Inflammation: Role and Regulation of Expression in Inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Colom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867321666131227163352","article-title":"CD147: A Novel Modulator of Inflammatory and Immune Disorders","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590004","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.590004","article-title":"Dysfunctional Innate Immune Responses and Severe Dengue","volume":"10","author":"Malavige","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2836","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00113.2006","article-title":"Fractalkine stimulates angiogenesis by activating the Raf-1\/MEK\/ERK- and PI3K\/Akt\/eNOS-dependent signal pathways","volume":"291","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.01.013","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induced by dengue virus infection increases vascular permeability","volume":"54","author":"Chuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardozo, F.T.G.D.S., Baimukanova, G., Lanteri, M.C., Keating, S., Ferreira, F.M., Heitman, J., Pannuti, C.S., Pati, S., Romano, C.M., and Sabino, E.C. (2017). Serum from dengue virus-infected patients with and without plasma leakage differentially affects endothelial cells barrier function in vitro. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178820"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeewandara, C., Gomes, L., Wickramasinghe, N.S., Gutowska-Owsiak, D., Waithe, D., Paranavitane, S.A., Shyamali, N.L.A., Ogg, G.S., and Malavige, G.N. (2015). Platelet Activating Factor Contributes to Vascular Leak in Acute Dengue Infection. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003459"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, P.C.G., Nogueira, R.M.R., Heringer, M., Chouin-Carneiro, T., Rodrigues, C.D.D.S., De Filippis, A.M.B., Lima, M.D.R.Q., and Dos Santos, F.B. (2018). NS1 Antigenemia and Viraemia Load: Potential Markers of Progression to Dengue Fatal Outcome?. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10060326"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10261","article-title":"Antibodies from dengue patient sera cross-react with endothelial cells and induce damage","volume":"69","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6483","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102218","article-title":"Dengue Virus-Induced Autoantibodies Bind to Plasminogen and Enhance Its Activation","volume":"187","author":"Chuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9071(20000201)63:2<143::AID-JMV1009>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Generation of IgM anti-platelet autoantibody in dengue patients","volume":"63","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9726","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.170993","article-title":"Molecular Mimicry of Human Endothelial Cell Antigen by Autoantibodies to Nonstructural Protein 1 of Dengue Virus","volume":"286","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vo, H.T.M., Duong, V., Ly, S., Li, Q.-Z., Dussart, P., and Cantaert, T. (2020). Autoantibody Profiling in Plasma of Dengue Virus\u2013Infected Individuals. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121060"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0162","article-title":"Correlation Between Serum Levels of Anti-Endothelial Cell Autoantigen and Anti-Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Antibodies in Dengue Patients","volume":"92","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, P.C.G., Rioja, L.D.S., Coelho, J.M.C.D.O., Salom\u00e3o, N.G., Rabelo, K., Jos\u00e9, C.C., Rodrigues, F.D.C.D.C., de Azeredo, E.L., Bas\u00edlio-De-Oliveira, C.A., and Bas\u00edlio-De-Oliveira, R. (2019). Renal Injury in DENV-4 Fatal Cases: Viremia, Immune Response and Cytokine Profile. Pathogens, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040223"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.355","article-title":"The reappearance of dengue-3 and a subsequent dengue-4 and dengue-1 epidemic in Puerto Rico in 1998","volume":"67","author":"Cano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000981","article-title":"High dengue virus load differentially modulates human microvascular endothelial barrier function during early infection","volume":"98","author":"Soe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.07.009","article-title":"The paradoxical role of IL-10 in immunity and cancer","volume":"367","author":"Mannino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2711","article-title":"The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells","volume":"10","author":"Saraiva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v32.i1.30","article-title":"Role of Interleukin 10 Transcriptional Regulation in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease","volume":"32","author":"Iyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718136","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.718136","article-title":"Preliminary Evidence for IL-10-Induced ACE2 mRNA Expression in Lung-Derived and Endothelial Cells: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 ARDS Pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Albini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76836-2","article-title":"Similarities and differences between the \u2018cytokine storms\u2019 in acute dengue and COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Dayarathna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646789","article-title":"Pathogen interactions with endothelial cells and the induction of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"48","author":"Konradt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200867","article-title":"A Chemokine Self-Presentation Mechanism Involving Formation of Endothelial Surface Microstructures","volume":"190","author":"Whittall","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000258612.26743.10","article-title":"Natural History of Plasma Leakage in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A serial ultrasonographic study","volume":"26","author":"Srikiatkhachorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1160\/TH09-03-0208","article-title":"Plasma leakage in dengue haemorrhagic fever","volume":"102","author":"Srikiatkhachorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10340","article-title":"Supernatants from dengue virus type-2 infected macrophages induce permeability changes in endothelial cell monolayers","volume":"69","author":"Carr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.10.030","article-title":"Dengue hemorrhagic fever-associated immunomediators induced via maturation of dengue virus nonstructural 4B protein in monocytes modulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules and human microvascular endothelial cells permeability","volume":"422","author":"Kelley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1021\/pr900060g","article-title":"Alterations in Actin Cytoskeletal Assembly and Junctional Protein Complexes in Human Endothelial Cells Induced by Dengue Virus Infection and Mimicry of Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration","volume":"8","author":"Kanlaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"992","article-title":"Association of Endothelial Glycocalyx and Tight and Adherens Junctions with Severity of Plasma Leakage in Dengue Infection","volume":"215","author":"Suwarto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.02.001","article-title":"Expression dynamics of vascular endothelial markers: Endoglin and syndecan-1 in predicting dengue disease outcome","volume":"232","author":"Mariappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.11.001","article-title":"Direct epithelial\u2013stromal interaction in corneal wound healing: Role of EMMPRIN\/CD147 in MMPs induction and beyond","volume":"28","author":"Gabison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.09.023","article-title":"EMMPRIN\/CD147, an MMP modulator in cancer, development and tissue repair","volume":"87","author":"Gabison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, P., Li, G., Shen, M., Yu, Z., Ge, W., Lao, Z., Fan, Y., Chen, K., Ding, Z., and Wang, W. (2021). DENV NS1 and MMP-9 cooperate to induce vascular leakage by altering endothelial cell adhesion and tight junction. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008603"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.098","article-title":"Molecular Signatures of Dengue Virus-Specific IL-10\/IFN-\u03b3 Co-producing CD4 T Cells and Their Association with Dengue Disease","volume":"29","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1086\/590117","article-title":"Dengue in Vietnamese Infants\u2014Results of Infection-Enhancement Assays Correlate with Age-Related Disease Epidemiology, and Cellular Immune Responses Correlate with Disease Severity","volume":"198","author":"Chau","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De-Oliveira-Pinto, L.M., Marinho, C.F., Povoa, T.F., De Azeredo, E.L., De Souza, L.A., Barbosa, L.D.R., Motta-Castro, A.R., Alves, A.M.B., \u00c1vila, C.A.L., and De Souza, L.J. (2012). Regulation of Inflammatory Chemokine Receptors on Blood T Cells Associated to the Circulating Versus Liver Chemokines in Dengue Fever. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038527"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00f3voa, T.F., Oliveira, E.R., Bas\u00edlio-De-Oliveira, C.A., Nuovo, G.J., Chagas, V.L.A., Salom\u00e3o, N.G., Mota, E.M., and Paes, M. (2016). Peripheral Organs of Dengue Fatal Cases Present Strong Pro-Inflammatory Response with Participation of IFN-Gamma-, TNF-Alpha- and RANTES-Producing Cells. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168973"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065018","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ab95e3","article-title":"A comparative study unraveling the effects of TNF-\u03b1 stimulation on endothelial cells between 2D and 3D culture","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.3.545-551.1992","article-title":"Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"30","author":"Lanciotti","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4977","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.4977-4983.2005","article-title":"Serotype-Specific Detection of Dengue Viruses in a Fourplex Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay","volume":"43","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/5\/509\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:01:01Z","timestamp":1760137261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/5\/509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11050509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11050509","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]}}}