{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:10:36Z","timestamp":1778695836455,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2018R1D1A3B05048283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A3B05048283"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) in the context of Brucella abortus (B. abortus) infection have not been evaluated so far. Firstly, we found that CoCl2 treatment inhibited the phagocytosis of B. abortus into RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibition of bacterial invasion was regulated by F-actin formation and associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation of ERK1\/2 and HIF-1\u03b1 expression. Secondly, the activation of trafficking regulators LAMP1, LAMP2, and lysosomal enzyme GLA at the transcriptional level activated immune responses, weakening the B. abortus growth at 4 h post-infection (pi). The silencing of HIF-1\u03b1 increased bacterial survival at 24 h pi. At the same time, CoCl2 treatment showed a significant increase in the transcripts of lysosomal enzyme HEXB and cytokine TNF-\u03b1 and an attenuation of the bacterial survival. Moreover, the enhancement at the protein level of HIF-1\u03b1 was induced in the CoCl2 treatment at both 4 and 24 h pi. Finally, our results demonstrated that CoCl2 administration induced the production of serum cytokines IFN-\u03b3 and IL-6, which is accompanied by dampened Brucella proliferation in the spleen and liver of treated mice, and reduced the splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Altogether, CoCl2 treatment contributed to host resistance against B. abortus infection with immunomodulatory effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T23:14:26Z","timestamp":1652915666000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of Brucella abortus 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tran X. N.","family":"Huy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trang T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisha W. B.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2437-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"WonGi","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7552-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hu J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2018.01.008","article-title":"Brucellosis: Evolution and expected comeback","volume":"6","author":"Awad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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