{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:13:53Z","timestamp":1789820033537,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Syphilis can present with an array of oral manifestations at different stages of disease progression. This article reports on four cases of syphilis with oral manifestations diagnosed by oral health professionals. Case 1: 18-year-old female presented with multiple ulcerations and patches involving the hard palate, uvula, retromolar area, and papillary nodules on the tongue. Case 2: 25-year-old male presented with a solitary, exophytic lesion on the anterior tongue. Case 3: 17-year-old female presented with multiple pigmented macules on the palms of hands and soles of feet, as well as multiple exophytic, sessile, soft tissue masses throughout the oral cavity. Case 4: 14-year-old female presented with a solitary, exophytic, verrucous lesion in the incisive papilla area, as well as multiple, coalescing patches involving the soft palate, uvula, and tonsillar areas. All patients were managed by biopsy and serological investigations. Treatment of syphilis was performed at infectious disease clinics with 2.4 million units (MUs) benzathine benzylpenicillin intramuscular (IM) weekly. Oral health professionals need to have knowledge of the oral manifestations of syphilis to ensure that patients are accurately identified and appropriately treated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:14:14Z","timestamp":1653437654000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oral Manifestations of Syphilis: Report of Four Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3847-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun\u00e9","family":"Mulder van Staden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"de Villiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julandi","family":"Alwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Academic Laboratories, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mpho","family":"Moloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibongile","family":"Mahlangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2020.v111i1.14672","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of sexually transmitted infections among adult HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Themba Lethu HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"111","author":"Onoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"S. 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Int."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/6\/612\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:17:31Z","timestamp":1760138251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/6\/612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11060612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11060612","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]}}}