{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:31:49Z","timestamp":1771511509476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ceva Tiergesundheit, Duesseldorf, Germany","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002173"]}]},{"name":"Ceva Tiergesundheit, Duesseldorf, Germany","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002174"]}]},{"name":"Ceva Sant\u00e9 Animale, Libourne, France","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002173"]}]},{"name":"Ceva Sant\u00e9 Animale, Libourne, France","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002174"]}]},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002173"]}]},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/20002174"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vertical transmission is a consistently discussed pathway of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) transmission in pigs. To evaluate the presence of PCV2 and PCV3 in piglets, we collected tissue samples from 185 piglets that were crushed within the first week of life from 16 farms located in Germany and Austria. Pooled samples consisting of thymus, inguinal lymph node, myocardium, lung and spleen were examined for PCV2 and PCV3 by qPCR. Furthermore, oral fluid samples (OFS) from grow\u2013finish pigs were collected and examined the same way. In piglets, PCV2 was highly prevalent (litters: 69.4%; piglets: 61.6%), whereas PCV3 prevalence was low (litters: 13.4%; piglets: 13.0%). In total, 72.6% and 67.2% of all collected OFS were PCV2 or PCV3 positive, respectively. Sow vaccination against PCV2 was identified as a protective factor concerning PCV2 in piglets (OR: 0.279; CI: 0.134\u20130.578; p &lt; 0.001), whereas the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccination of sows was identified as a protective factor concerning PCV3 in piglets (OR: 0.252 CI: 0.104\u20130.610; p = 0.002). Our results show that PCV2, but not PCV3, is ubiquitous in suckling piglets and that early PCV3 infections might be modulated by PRRSV\u2013PCV3 interaction. However, the ubiquitous nature of both viruses in older pigs could be confirmed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of PCV Types 2 and 3 DNA in Suckling Piglets Compared to Grow\u2013Finish Pigs in Downstream Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Eddicks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7226-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Deffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Eddicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8209-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Sipos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4605-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vojislav","family":"Cvjetkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceva Tiergesundheit GmbH, 40472 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Krejci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceva Sant\u00e9 Animale, 33500 Libourne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9642-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Opriessnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Ritzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1149-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Fux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.10.007","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections: Clinical signs, pathology and laboratory diagnosis","volume":"164","author":"Segales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.11.085","article-title":"A commercial porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2a-based vaccine reduces PCV2d viremia and shedding and 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