{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:07:41Z","timestamp":1790014061964,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"University of Georgia\u2014College of Pharmacy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the availability of effective antifungal therapy, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) remains associated with elevated mortality. The spectrum of symptoms associated with the central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis is directly caused by the high fungal burden in the subarachnoid space and the peri-endothelial space of the CNS vasculature, which results in intracranial hypertension (ICH). Management of intracranial pressure (ICP) through aggressive drainage of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture is associated with increased survival. Unfortunately, these procedures are invasive and require specialized skills and supplies that are not readily available in resource-limited settings that carry the highest burden of CM. The institution of pharmacologic therapies to reduce the production or increase the resorption of cerebrospinal fluid would likely improve clinical outcomes associated with ICH in patients with CM. Here, we discuss the potential role of multiple pharmacologic drug classes such as diuretics, corticosteroids, and antiepileptic agents used to decrease ICP in various neurological conditions as potential future therapies for CM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11070783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis: Examining Old, New, and Promising Drug Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz H.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30902, USA"},{"name":"Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mir S.","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30902, USA"},{"name":"Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4018-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Chastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, UGA College of Pharmacy, SWGA Clinical Campus, Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, GA 31701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s F.","family":"Henao-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8757-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Franco-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico, Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payaningal R.","family":"Somanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30902, USA"},{"name":"Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02619-2","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis: A review for emergency clinicians","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. 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