{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:28:44Z","timestamp":1789172924315,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"Hatch grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-05035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-05035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"Hatch grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58-6040-8-034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6040-8-034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"USDA-NIFA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-05035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-05035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"USDA-NIFA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58-6040-8-034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6040-8-034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to identify the effects of experimental necrotic enteritis (NE) infection on the production performance, gut microbiome, and cecal tonsil transcriptome in broiler birds. A total of 192 chicks were not-induced (control) or induced with NE. NE was induced by inoculating Eimeria maxima at 14 d of age and Clostridium perfringens at 19, 20, and 21 d of age. NE challenge increased (p &lt; 0.01) NE lesion score at 7 days post-E.maxima infection (dpi), decreased (p &lt; 0.01) average weight gain and increased (p &lt; 0.01) mortality at 7 and 14 dpi. NE challenge increased (p &lt; 0.05) gut permeability at 5, 6, and 7 dpi and increased ileal C. perfringens load at 5 dpi. NE challenge increased (p &lt; 0.01) Eimeria oocyst shedding at 5, 6, 7, 8 and 14 dpi. NE challenge decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and increased (p &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Campylobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Ruminococcaceae at 6 dpi. NE challenge upregulated (p &lt; 0.05) genes related to immune response and downregulated (p &lt; 0.05) genes related to lipid metabolism at 6 dpi. It can be concluded that NE infection decreased beneficial bacteria and increased gut permeability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1658978476000},"page":"839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Effect of Necrotic Enteritis Challenge on Production Performance, Cecal Microbiome, and Cecal Tonsil Transcriptome in Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Akerele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Al Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1479-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeferson","family":"Lourenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-74","article-title":"The successful experimental induction of necrotic enteritis in chickens by Clostridium perfringens: A critical review","volume":"43","author":"Shojadoost","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. 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