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We analysed the vagina microbiome composition using 16S rDNA V3\u2013V4 amplicon sequencing technology, in this prospective study of 441 women in their third trimester of pregnancy. We first divided all subjects into PROM and HC (healthy control) groups, in order to investigate the correlation of vagina microbiome composition and the development of PROM. We found that seven pathogens were higher in the PROM group as compared to the HC group with statistical significance. We also split all subjects into three groups based on Lactobacillus abundance-dominant (Lactobacillus &gt; 90%), intermediate (Lactobacillus 30\u201390%) and depleted (Lactobacillus &lt; 30%) groups, and explored nine pathogenic genera that were higher in the depleted group than the intermediate and dominant groups having statistical significance. Finally, using integrated analysis and logistics regression modelling, we discovered that Lactobacillus (coeff = \u22120.09, p = 0.04) was linked to the decreased risk of PROM, while Gardnerella (coeff = 0.04, p = 0.02), Prevotella (coeff = 0.11, p = 0.02), Megasphaera (coeff = 0.04, p = 0.01), Ureaplasma (coeff = 0.004, p = 0.01) and Dialister (coeff = 0.001, p = 0.04) were associated with the increased risk of PROM. Further study on how these pathogens interact with vaginal microbiota and the host would result in a better understanding of PROM development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1659048206000},"page":"847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of Vaginal Microbiota in Third Trimester Premature Rupture of Membranes Patients through 16S rDNA Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lou","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9420-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiwen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5126-4335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dexiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daozhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001712","article-title":"Practice Bulletin No. 172: Premature Rupture of Membranes","volume":"128","author":"Ehsanipoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet. 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