{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:39:14Z","timestamp":1762522754727,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In the currently ongoing coronavirus pandemic, coinfections with unrelated life-threatening febrile conditions may pose a particular challenge to clinicians. Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis that may present general symptoms, including fever, malaise, and arthralgia, rendering it indistinguishable from COVID-19. Methods: In this paper, we aim to draw attention to this issue and analyze the clinical characteristics of the coinfection SARS-CoV-2\/Leishmania through a systematic review of the literature. We were motivated by the observation of the first case of visceral leishmaniasis and COVID-19 in a paediatric patient. Conclusion: Our case is a reminder for healthcare providers to consider the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients presenting with febrile syndrome in endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T03:33:20Z","timestamp":1660534400000},"page":"913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Third Case of Visceral Leishmaniasis in COVID-19: Mini Review Article"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Colomba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Guccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico \u201cP-Giaccone\u201d, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7968-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Scalisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Condemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bagarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico \u201cP-Giaccone\u201d, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649358","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.649358","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic factors of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection: Results from an Italian multicenter study","volume":"9","author":"Garazzino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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