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CBM does not have an established treatment but may be managed using antifungal agents, surgical removal of the lesions, or cryotherapy. Kojic acid (KA), a known tyrosinase inhibitor with a variety of biological actions, including fungistatic action against the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, mediated by inhibiting melanin production, seems to be an alternative to improve the treatment of CBM. The aim of the present study was to analyze the action of KA against the pathogenic fungus Fonsecaea sp., an aetiological agent of CBM. The fungal culture was incubated with KA, and the amount of melanin was assessed, followed by cytochemical detection. Subsequently, the samples were analyzed by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Culture analysis revealed that 100 g\/mL KA significantly decreased the melanization of the fungus and the exocytosis of melanin into the culture supernatant. Additionally, KA induced less growth of biofilm formation and intense disruption of the cell wall, and decreased the number of melanin-containing vesicles in the culture supernatant. Finally, KA inhibited fungal filamentation in culture and the subsequent phagocytosis process. Thus, KA may be a promising substance to help in the treatment of CBM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T22:53:30Z","timestamp":1660776810000},"page":"925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inhibition of Melanization by Kojic Acid Promotes Cell Wall Disruption of the Human Pathogenic Fungus Fonsecaea sp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jorge Augusto Le\u00e3o","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lienne Silveira de","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Post Graduation Program, Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapa (UNIFAP), Macap\u00e1 68903-329, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2328-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chubert Bernardo Castro de","family":"Sena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT\u2014NIM), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz Martins do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Post Graduation Program, Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapa (UNIFAP), Macap\u00e1 68903-329, AP, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT\u2014NIM), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula D.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Helena Marques da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Superficial and Systemic Mycoses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Department of Mycology and Bacteriology, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edilene O.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2003.00067.x","article-title":"An Unusual Dematiaceous Fungal Infection of the Skin Caused by Fonsecaea Pedrosoi: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"30","author":"Hamza","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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