{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T09:14:45Z","timestamp":1781082885892,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Desmodus rotundus bats show a complex social structure and developed adaptive characteristics, considered key features of a pathogen disseminator, such as the rabies virus, among bats and other mammals, including cattle and humans. Our aim was to understand the correlation between the environment and the ecological features of these bats in bovine rabies outbreaks. Geostatistical analyses were performed, covering 104 cattle positives for rabies, between 2016 and 2018, in 25 municipalities, in addition to the characteristics of D. rotundus colonies mapped during this period in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Data from the shelters showed that 86.15% were artificial, mainly abandoned houses (36.10%) and manholes (23.87%), in addition to demonstrating a correlation between these shelters and a higher concentration of bovine rabies cases. Due to their adaptive capacity, these bats choose shelters close to the food source, such as livestock. In Brazil, D. rotundus is the main transmitter of rabies and the cause of outbreaks in cattle and deaths in humans, considering the advance of humans in previously preserved ecosystems. There seems to be a correlation between the impact of anthropic changes on the environment, mainly for the expansion of pasture for cattle and the outbreaks of bovine rabies in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Geographic Distribution of Common Vampire Bat Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) Shelters: Implications for the Spread of Rabies Virus to Cattle in Southeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Karine B.","family":"Mantovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJulio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Botucatu 18618-681, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5393-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedito D.","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJulio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Botucatu 18618-681, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2152-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lais M.","family":"Paiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anai\u00e1 P.","family":"Sev\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0213-7839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo E.","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva e Sa\u00fade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJulio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Botucatu 18618-681, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.3390\/v6051911","article-title":"Vampire Bat Rabies: Ecology, Epidemiology and Control","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2018.12.007","article-title":"Viruses in bats and potential spillover to animals and humans","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benavides, J.A., Velasco-Villa, A., Godino, L.C., Satheshkumar, P.S., Nino, R., Rojas-Paniagua, E., Shiva, C., Falcon, N., and Streicker, D.G. (2020). Abortive vampire bat rabies infections in Peruvian peridomestic livestock. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008194"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hampson, K., Coudeville, L., Lembo, T., Sambo, M., Kieffer, A., Attlan, M., Barrat, J., Blanton, J.D., Briggs, D.J., and Cleaveland, S. (2015). Estimating the Global Burden of Endemic Canine Rabies. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003786"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.023","article-title":"Successful strategies implemented towards the elimination of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"143","author":"Escobar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-020-01486-9","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Grassland Fragmentation and Temperature on Bovine Rabies Emergence","volume":"17","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"WHO (2022, February 12). WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: Second Report, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24069724."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benavides, J.A., Valderrama, W., Recuenco, S., Uieda, W., Suz\u00e1n, G., Avila-Flores, R., Velasco-Villa, A., Almeida, M., De Andrade, F.A., and Molina-Flores, B. (2020). Defining New Pathways to Manage the Ongoing Emergence of Bat Rabies in Latin America. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091002"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, J., Staudacher, C., Martins, C.M., Ullmann, L.S., Ferreira, F., Araujo, J.P., and Biondo, A.W. (2018). Bat rabies surveillance and risk factors for rabies spillover in an urban area of Southern Brazil. BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1485-1"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"370","article-title":"Modelo de risco para circula\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus da raiva em herb\u00edvoros no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil","volume":"30","author":"Dias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Panam. Salud Publica"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2003.00713.x","article-title":"Haematophagous Bats in Brazil, Their Role in Rabies Transmission, Impact on Public Health, Livestock Industry and Alternatives to an Indiscriminate Reduction of Bat Population","volume":"50","author":"Mayen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Ser. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter, G., and Leffer, L. (2015). Social grooming in bats: Are vampire bats exceptional?. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138430"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-012-0743-8","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of partial RNA-polymerase blocks II and III of Rabies virus isolated from the main rabies reservoirs in Brazil","volume":"45","author":"Carnieli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streicker, D.G., Lemey, P., Velasco-Villa, A., and Rupprecht, C.E. (2012). Rates of Viral Evolution Are Linked to Host Geography in Bat Rabies. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002720"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-4-44","article-title":"Molecular and geographic analyses of vampire bat-transmitted cattle rabies in central Brazil","volume":"4","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento (2009). Controle da Raiva dos Herb\u00edvoros: Manual T\u00e9cnico 2009."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benavides, J.A., Paniagua, E.R., Hampson, K., Valderrama, W., and Streicker, D.G. (2017). Quantifying the burden of vampire bat rabies in Peruvian livestock. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006105"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308817110","article-title":"Resolving the roles of immunity, pathogenesis, and immigration for rabies persistence in vampire bats","volume":"110","author":"Blackwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104809","article-title":"The common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) and the transmission of the rabies virus to livestock: A contact network approach and recommendations for surveillance and control","volume":"174","author":"Rocha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160959","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160959","article-title":"Reproductive seasonality, sex ratio and philopatry in Argentina\u2019s common vampire bats","volume":"4","author":"Delpietro","year":"2017","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Thoisy, B., Bourhy, H., Delaval, M., Pontier, D., Dacheux, L., Darcissac, E., Donato, D., Guidez, A., Larrous, F., and Lavenir, R. (2016). Bioecological Drivers of Rabies Virus Circulation in a Neotropical Bat Community. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004378"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20191527","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.1527","article-title":"Phylodynamics reveals extinction\u2013recolonization dynamics underpin apparently endemic vampire bat rabies in Costa Rica","volume":"286","author":"Streicker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.12.011","article-title":"Predictive qualitative risk model of bovine rabies occurrence in Brazil","volume":"113","author":"Braga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"IBGE (2022, March 21). Pesquisa da Pecu\u00e1ria Municipal. 2020, Available online: https:\/\/sidra.ibge.gov.br\/tabela\/3939."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Andrade, F.A.G., Gomes, M.N., Uieda, W., Begot, A.L., Ramos, O.D.S., and Fernandes, M.E.B. (2016). Geographical analysis for detecting high-risk areas for bovine\/human rabies transmitted by the common hematophagous bat in the Amazon region, Brazil. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157332"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2247","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated with Attacks of Hematophagous Bats (Desmodus rotundus) on Cattle in Ecuador","volume":"19","author":"Orlando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Dos Reis, N.R., Peracchi, A.L., Pedro, W.A., and de Lima, I.P. (2007). Morcegos do Brasil, UEL."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyz177","article-title":"Relations between topography, feeding sites, and foraging behavior of the vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus","volume":"101","author":"Rocha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160328","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.0328","article-title":"Spatial expansions and travelling waves of rabies in vampire bats","volume":"283","author":"Benavides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13512","article-title":"Spatio-temporal description of bovine rabies cases in Peru, 2003\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"74","article-title":"Virus isolation in animals: The mouse inoculation test","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Rupprecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laboratory Techniques in Rabies"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(2022, March 20). Programa Estadual de Controle da Raiva dos Herb\u00edvoros (PECRH) | Defesa Agropecu\u00e1ria do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Available online: https:\/\/www.defesa.agricultura.sp.gov.br\/www\/programas\/?\/sanidade-animal\/programa-estadual-de-controle-da-raiva-dos-herbivoros-pecrh\/&cod=39."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/8\/942\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:12:24Z","timestamp":1760141544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/8\/942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11080942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11080942","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]}}}