{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:03:39Z","timestamp":1760231019960,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reported a case of a metastrongyloid nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a fennec (Vulpes zerda) kept in a zoo in central Italy. The fennec had shown paralysis of the hind limbs, anorexia, weakness and respiratory signs before death. Cardiomegaly and granulomatous pneumonia were the major anatomopathological findings. Inflammatory lesions associated with parasitic larvae were observed in the lungs, brain, liver, heart, spinal cord and kidney of the fennec at histology. A. vasorum diagnosis was confirmed by both morphological and molecular identification of adult worms recovered at necropsy. Fennecs are active predators and maintain their hunting behaviour in captivity. Hence, it is likely that the animal was exposed to infection by preying on parasitised gastropods, intermediate hosts of A. vasorum, entering zoo enclosures from the surrounding environment. This is the first report of A. vasorum systemic infection in a captive fennec (V. zerda) in a zoo in Italy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T23:48:58Z","timestamp":1661384938000},"page":"965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systemic Infection by Angiostrongylus vasorum in a Fennec (Vulpes zerda) in an Italian Zoological Garden"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0458-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Galietta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. Aleandri\u201d, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7427-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Eleni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. Aleandri\u201d, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Raso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. Aleandri\u201d, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Cocumelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. Aleandri\u201d, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus G.","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Bioparco, Viale del Giardino Zoologico 20, 00197 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Di Cerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Bioparco, Viale del Giardino Zoologico 20, 00197 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9527-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Iurescia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. 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Aleandri\u201d, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan, E.R., Modry, D., Paredes-Esquivel, C., Foronda, P., and Traversa, D. (2021). Angiostrongylosis in Animals and Humans in Europe. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101236"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-014-0092-9","article-title":"Recent advances in the epidemiology, clinical and diagnostic features, and control of canine cardio-pulmonary angiostrongylosis","volume":"45","author":"Elsheikha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.11.014","article-title":"Canine pulmonary angiostrongylosis: An update","volume":"179","author":"Koch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. 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