{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:57:31Z","timestamp":1789261051980,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","award":["1744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1744"]}]},{"name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","award":["1909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1909"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Iranian National Elites Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Iranian National Elites Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rickettsia conorii is the causative agent of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF). Misdiagnosis of MSF may occur with febrile syndromes associated with rash and thrombocytopenia, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of R. conorii among serum samples obtained from 260 suspected CCHF patients with features of MSF in Iran (2018\u20132020). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method detected three (1.15%) positive 16S rDNA Rickettsia spp. samples that were classified as R. conorii subsp. conorii, R. conorii subsp. Israelensis, and R. helvetica using the sequencing of gltA, ompA, and 17kDa genes. Furthermore, R. conorii IgM antibodies presented in 38 (14.62%) patients by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Out of 97 MSF patients with available paired serum samples, IgM seroconversion and a four-fold increase were observed in 14 (14.43%) and 12 (12.37%) patients, respectively. We concluded that rickettsial agents are present in Iran and may be misdiagnosed with other febrile syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T22:53:42Z","timestamp":1661813622000},"page":"973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Investigation of Rickettsia conorii in Patients Suspected of Having Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Neda","family":"Baseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, KabudarAhang, Hamadan 6556153145, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Salehi-Vaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arboviruses & Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, KabudarAhang, Hamadan 6556153145, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Bagheri Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Latifian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, KabudarAhang, Hamadan 6556153145, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Stenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1920-1737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saber","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, KabudarAhang, Hamadan 6556153145, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01728-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01728-17","article-title":"A concise review of the epidemiology and diagnostics of rickettsioses: Rickettsia and Orientia spp.","volume":"56","author":"Abdad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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