{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:53:06Z","timestamp":1773841986725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2701800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701800"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2701801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701801"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["81601740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601740"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["15B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15B10"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["17CZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17CZ01"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["2021YFC2701800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701800"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["2021YFC2701801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701801"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["81601740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601740"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["15B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15B10"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["17CZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17CZ01"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Neijiang Normal University","award":["2021YFC2701800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701800"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Neijiang Normal University","award":["2021YFC2701801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701801"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Neijiang Normal University","award":["81601740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601740"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Neijiang Normal University","award":["15B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15B10"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Neijiang Normal University","award":["17CZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17CZ01"]}]},{"name":"Neijiang Normal University","award":["2021YFC2701800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701800"]}]},{"name":"Neijiang Normal University","award":["2021YFC2701801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701801"]}]},{"name":"Neijiang Normal University","award":["81601740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601740"]}]},{"name":"Neijiang Normal University","award":["15B10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15B10"]}]},{"name":"Neijiang Normal University","award":["17CZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17CZ01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can evade antimicrobial immunity and persist within macrophages by interfering with multiple host cellular functions through its virulence factors, causing latent tuberculosis. The Rv2387 protein has been identified as a putative effector that potentially participates in Mtb pathogenicity. To explore the role of the Rv2387 protein in host\u2013mycobacteria interactions, we established recombinant M. smegmatis strains and RAW264.7 cell lines that stably express the Rv2387 protein. We found that this protein suppresses mycobacteria infection-induced macrophage apoptosis by inactivating caspase-3\/-8, thus facilitating the intracellular survival of mycobacteria. In addition, Rv2387 inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages by specifically suppressing TLR2-dependent stimulation of p38 and JNK MAPK pathways. Moreover, we further determined that the Rv2387 protein conferred a growth advantage over recombinant M. smegmatis and suppressed the inflammatory response in a mouse infection model. Overall, these data suggested that Rv2387 facilitates mycobacteria to escape host immunity and might be an essential virulence factor in Mtb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T22:53:42Z","timestamp":1661813622000},"page":"981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2387 Facilitates Mycobacterial Survival by Silencing TLR2\/p38\/JNK Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0336-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanyan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021, October 14). Gobal Tuberculosis Report 2021. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240037021."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2118145","article-title":"COVID-19\u2019s Devastating Effect on Tuberculosis Care\u2014A Path to Recovery","volume":"386","author":"Pai","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ly, A., and Liu, J. (2020). Mycobacterial Virulence Factors: Surface-Exposed Lipids and Secreted Proteins. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113985"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00350","article-title":"Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Narrative Review","volume":"7","author":"Lodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.3.4.415","article-title":"Living on the edge: Inhibition of host cell apoptosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"3","author":"Briken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Upadhyay, S., Mittal, E., and Philips, J.A. (2018). Tuberculosis and the art of macrophage manipulation. Pathog. Dis., 76.","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/fty037"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohsali, A., Abdalla, H., Velmurugan, K., and Briken, V. (2010). The non-pathogenic mycobacteria M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum induce rapid host cell apoptosis via a caspase-3 and TNF dependent pathway. BMC Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-237"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00116","article-title":"Differential responses by human macrophages to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L218","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00162.2017","article-title":"Role of apoptosis and autophagy in tuberculosis","volume":"313","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.88","article-title":"Innate immunity in tuberculosis: Host defense vs. pathogen evasion","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02136","article-title":"Rv3033, as an Emerging Anti-apoptosis Factor, Facilitates Mycobacteria Survival via Inhibiting Macrophage Intrinsic Apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.12.2106093","article-title":"Iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase inhibits host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"164","author":"Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velmurugan, K., Chen, B., Miller, J.L., Azogue, S., Gurses, S., Hsu, T., Glickman, M., Jacobs, W.R., Porcelli, S.A., and Briken, V. (2007). Mycobacterium tuberculosis nuoG is a virulence gene that Inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells. PLoS Pathog., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030110"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, J.L., Velmurugan, K., Cowan, M.J., and Briken, V. (2010). The type I NADH dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis counters phagosomal NOX2 activity to inhibit TNF-alpha-mediated host cell apoptosis. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000864"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, D.M., Jeon, B.Y., Lee, H.M., Jin, H.S., Yuk, J.M., Song, C.H., Lee, S.H., Lee, Z.W., Cho, S.N., and Kim, J.M. (2010). Mycobacterium tuberculosis eis regulates autophagy, inflammation, and cell death through redox-dependent signaling. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001230"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danelishvili, L., Everman, J.L., McNamara, M.J., and Bermudez, L.E. (2012). Inhibition of the Plasma-Membrane-Associated Serine Protease Cathepsin G by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3364c Suppresses Caspase-1 and Pyroptosis in Macrophages. Front. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00281"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.09.006","article-title":"The MycoBrowser portal: A comprehensive and manually annotated resource for mycobacterial genomes","volume":"91","author":"Kapopoulou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.02.014","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis effectors involved in host-pathogen interaction revealed by a multiple scales integrative pipeline","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07618.x","article-title":"A Mycobacterium marinum TesA mutant defective for major cell wall-associated lipids is highly attenuated in Dictyostelium discoideum and zebrafish embryos","volume":"80","author":"Alibaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2019.03.010","article-title":"EspR promotes mycobacteria survival in macrophages by inhibiting MyD88 mediated inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"116","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba4733","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba4733","article-title":"Mycobacterial EST12 activates a RACK1-NLRP3-gasdermin D pyroptosis-IL-1beta immune pathway","volume":"6","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.06.021","article-title":"Expression of the PE_PGRS 33 protein in Mycobacterium smegmatis triggers necrosis in macrophages and enhanced mycobacterial survival","volume":"8","author":"Dheenadhayalan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564565","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.564565","article-title":"Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria expressing mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific Rv1954A induce macrophage activation and modulate the immune response","volume":"10","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.06.052","article-title":"The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv2387 is involved in cell wall remodeling and susceptibility to acidic conditions","volume":"503","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bashiri, G., Perkowski, E.F., Turner, A.P., Feltcher, M.E., Braunstein, M., and Baker, E.N. (2012). Tat\u2013dependent translocation of an F420\u2013Binding Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045003"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2422-8","article-title":"Molecular basis of mycobacterial survival in macrophages","volume":"74","author":"Awuh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Zhao, Q., Deng, W., Chen, T., Liu, M., and Xie, J. (2014). Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3402c Enhances Mycobacterial Survival within Macrophages and Modulates the Host Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Production via NF-Kappa B\/ERK\/p38 Signaling. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094418"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05249-11","article-title":"PPE38 modulates the innate immune response and is required for Mycobacterium marinum virulence","volume":"80","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.3","article-title":"Apoptosis is an innate defense function of macrophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"4","author":"Behar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-015-1115-3","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis effectors interfering host apoptosis signaling","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.08.005","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1096, facilitates mycobacterial survival by modulating the NF-kappaB\/MAPK pathway as peptidoglycan N-deacetylase","volume":"127","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.05.007","article-title":"LpqT improves mycobacteria survival in macrophages by inhibiting TLR2 mediated inflammatory cytokine expression and cell apoptosis","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2011.11.2.123","article-title":"Mycobacterial Heparin-binding Hemagglutinin Antigen Activates Inflammatory Responses through PI3-K\/Akt, NF-kappaB, and MAPK Pathways","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2018.06.005","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis acyl carrier protein inhibits macrophage apoptotic death by modulating the reactive oxygen species\/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway","volume":"21","author":"Paik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhu, X., Peng, Y., Zhu, T., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Xiong, X., Chen, X., Hu, C., and Chen, H. (2020). Mycobacterium tuberculosis YrbE3A Promotes Host Innate Immune Response by Targeting NF-kappaB\/JNK Signaling. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040584"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23218","article-title":"Role of mycobacteria effectors in phagosome maturation blockage and new drug targets discovery","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2020.20.e37","article-title":"Host-Pathogen Dialogues in Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Necrosis during Mycobacterial Infection","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immune Network."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"596","article-title":"A novel method of screening for virulence genes from colony phenotype in Mycobacterium mariunm","volume":"36","author":"Teo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fudan Univ. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6750","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400136111","article-title":"An outer membrane channel protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with exotoxin activity","volume":"111","author":"Danilchanka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sciences."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3064","article-title":"The tuberculosis necrotizing toxin kills macrophages by hydrolyzing NAD","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04222-14","article-title":"The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Outer Membrane Channel Protein CpnT Confers Susceptibility to Toxic Molecules","volume":"59","author":"Danilchanka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0319OC","article-title":"IL-10 Blocks Phagosome Maturation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Human Macrophages","volume":"45","author":"Keane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040433","article-title":"Enhanced protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in IL-10-deficient mice is accompanied by early and enhanced Th1 responses in the lung","volume":"40","author":"Redford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.02.021","article-title":"TLR2 contributes to trigger immune response of pleural mesothelial cells against Mycobacterium bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis infection","volume":"95","author":"Hwanga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.1178","article-title":"IL-1 receptor-mediated signal is an essential component of MyD88-dependent innate response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"179","author":"Fremond","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3096","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses innate immunity by coopting the host ubiquitin system","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.10.007","article-title":"Role of TLR2-and TLR4-mediated signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced macrophage death","volume":"260","author":"Sanchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12562","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species production by human dendritic cells involves TLR2 and dectin-1 and is essential for efficient immune response against Mycobacteria","volume":"18","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhai, W., Wu, F., Zhang, Y., Fu, Y., and Liu, Z. (2019). The Immune Escape Mechanisms of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020340"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.05.007","article-title":"Apoptosis inhibition by intracellular bacteria and its consequence on host immunity","volume":"60","author":"Behar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1499","article-title":"Apoptosis, but not necrosis, of infected monocytes is coupled with killing of intracellular bacillus Calmette-Guerin","volume":"180","author":"Molloy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1054\/tube.2002.0322","article-title":"TNF-dependent BALB\/c murine macrophage apoptosis following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection inhibits bacillary growth in an IFN-gamma independent manner","volume":"82","author":"Keane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2016","article-title":"Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains evade apoptosis of infected alveolar macrophages","volume":"164","author":"Keane","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29376","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.582502","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Promotes Anti-apoptotic Activity of the Macrophage by PtpA Protein-dependent Dephosphorylation of Host GSK3alpha","volume":"289","author":"Poirier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"481","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cpn60.2 (GroEL2) blocks macrophage apoptosis via interaction with mitochondrial mortalin","volume":"6","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Liu, S., Tang, Y., Liu, Q., and Yao, Y. (2014). MPT64 protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits apoptosis of macrophages through NF-kB-miRNA21-Bcl-2 pathway. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100949"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danelishvili, L., Yamazaki, Y., Selker, J., and Bermudez, L.E. (2010). Secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3654c and Rv3655c proteins participate in the suppression of macrophage apoptosis. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010474"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/9\/981\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:16:29Z","timestamp":1760141789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/9\/981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11090981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11090981","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]}}}