{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T04:12:17Z","timestamp":1774411937615,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic chikungunya disease is associated with a poor quality of life and a variety of symptoms, not restricted to the musculoskeletal system. Patients with chronic chikungunya disease in Guadeloupe were evaluated in order to identify the main factors determining the quality of life. Patients were followed up at a mean of 36 months after chikungunya infection, undergoing detailed clinical examination for musculoskeletal involvement, with assessment of subjective symptoms and the impact on mood, physical activity, and quality of life (SF12). Patients had extensive musculoskeletal involvement shown by tenderness in 9 \u00b1 4 joints and stiffness in 5 \u00b1 4 joints. SF12 physical and mental component scores showed a poor health-related quality of life. Measures of joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation contributed to impaired quality of life scores. In addition, fatigue and interrupted sleep appeared to be important predictors for physical aspects of quality of life. The emergence of anxiodepressive syndromes post-chikungunya infection was associated with both physical and mental component scores of SF12. These data confirm that musculoskeletal symptoms are not the only determinants of quality of life in chronic chikungunya disease. Follow-up of patients should include assessment and management of fatigue, poor sleep quality, and anxiodepressive syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:13:56Z","timestamp":1661904836000},"page":"989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Chikungunya Disease in Guadeloupe"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Virus Unit, University of Aix-Marseille, 13284 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Bossy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, 97157 Guadeloupe, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9893-0163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacometrics Department, Aptuit Srl., 37135 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Dezaunay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, 97157 Guadeloupe, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2616-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Laurence","family":"Demoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Nord, 90400 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Rugard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, 97157 Guadeloupe, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Calusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacometrics Department, Aptuit Srl., 37135 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6703-6898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Nizzardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacometrics Department, Aptuit Srl., 37135 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6931-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugh","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Research Unit, Evotec ID, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franciane","family":"Gane-Troplent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, 97157 Guadeloupe, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1086\/605496","article-title":"Chikungunya fever: An epidemiological review of a re-emerging infectious disease","volume":"49","author":"Staples","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0276-9","article-title":"Rheumatic manifestations of chikungunya: Emerging concepts and interventions","volume":"15","author":"Suhrbier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.08.066","article-title":"Arthralgia resolution rate following chikungunya virus infection","volume":"112","author":"Salje","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-011-0180-1","article-title":"Chikungunya virus infection","volume":"13","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38933.585764.AE","article-title":"Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: Prospective cohort study","volume":"333","author":"Hickie","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boaventura, P., Macedo, S., Ribeiro, F., Jaconiano, S., and Soares, P. (2022). Post-COVID-19 Condition: Where Are We Now?. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040517"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsinga, J., Grobusch, M.P., Tami, A., Gerstenbluth, I., and Bailey, A. (2017). Health-related impact on quality of life and coping strategies for chikungunya: A qualitative study in Cura\u00e7ao. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005987"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.024","article-title":"Chikungunya infection: Self-reported rheumatic morbidity and impaired quality of life persist 6 years later","volume":"21","author":"Marimoutou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0543","article-title":"Occurrence of Chronic Stage Chikungunya in the General Population of Martinique during the First 2014 Epidemic: A Prospective Epidemiological Study","volume":"99","author":"Couzigou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anwar, S., Taslem Mourosi, J., Khan, M.F., Ullah, M.O., Vanakker, O.M., and Hosen, M.J. (2020). Chikungunya outbreak in Bangladesh (2017): Clinical and hematological findings. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007466"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schilte, C., Staikovsky, F., Couderc, T., Madec, Y., Carpentier, F., Kassab, S., Albert, M.L., Lecuit, M., and Michault, A. (2013). Chikungunya virus-associated long-term arthralgia: A 36-month prospective longitudinal study. PloS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/850ee20f-2641-46ac-b0c6-ef4ae79b6de6"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix312","article-title":"Long-term Chikungunya Sequelae in Cura\u00e7ao: Burden, Determinants, and a Novel Classification Tool","volume":"216","author":"Elsinga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00e9rardin, P., Fianu, A., Malvy, D., Mussard, C., Boussa\u00efd, K., Rollot, O., Michault, A., Ga\u00fczere, B.A., Br\u00e9art, G., and Favier, F. (2011). Perceived morbidity and community burden after a Chikungunya outbreak: The TELECHIK survey, a population-based cohort study. BMC Med., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-5"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"191","article-title":"Sleep disturbances are a significant predictor of chikungunya arthritis flare severity","volume":"3","author":"Tritsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818000031","article-title":"Rheumatism and chronic fatigue, the two facets of post-chikungunya disease: The TELECHIK cohort study on Reunion island","volume":"146","author":"Duvignaud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramachandran, V., Malaisamy, M., Ponnaiah, M., Kaliaperuaml, K., Vadivoo, S., and Gupte, M.D. (2012). Impact of Chikungunya on health related quality of life Chennai, South India. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051519"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soumahoro, M.K., G\u00e9rardin, P., Bo\u00eblle, P.Y., Perrau, J., Fianu, A., Pouchot, J., Malvy, D., Flahault, A., Favier, F., and Hanslik, T. (2009). Impact of Chikungunya virus infection on health status and quality of life: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007800"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190162","article-title":"Chronic joint pain 3 years after chikungunya virus infection largely characterized by relapsing-remitting symptoms","volume":"47","author":"Tritsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04919-1","article-title":"Stiffness, pain and joint counts in chronic chikungunya disease: Relevance to disability and quality of life","volume":"39","author":"Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rheum."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98164-9","article-title":"Tender and swollen joint counts are poorly associated with disability in chikungunya arthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Watson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208221","article-title":"The significance of the squeeze test to identify arthritis was underestimated or not?","volume":"74","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-207202","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of the squeeze test to identify arthritis: A cross-sectional cohort study","volume":"74","author":"Mangnus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2019.0168","article-title":"Long-term persistence of chikungunya virus-associated manifestations and anti-chikungunya virus antibody in Southern Thailand: 5 Years after an outbreak in 2008\u20132009","volume":"33","author":"Mitarnun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3747-9","article-title":"Would be IL-6 a missing link between chronic inflammatory rheumatism and depression after chikungunya infection?","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq042","article-title":"Persistent arthralgia induced by chikungunya virus infection is associated with interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"203","author":"Chow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811001300","article-title":"Acute Chikungunya and persistent musculoskeletal pain following the 2006 Indian epidemic: A 2-year prospective rural community study","volume":"140","author":"Chopra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doran, C., Elsinga, J., Fokkema, A., Berenschot, K., Gerstenbluth, I., Duits, A., Lourents, N., Halabi, Y., Burgerhof, J., and Baile, A. (2022). Long-term Chikungunya sequelae and quality of life 2.5 years post-acute disease in a prospective cohort in Cura\u00e7ao. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010142"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0719","article-title":"Out-break of Chikungunya in the French Caribbean Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe: Findings from a hospital-based surveillance system (2013\u20132015)","volume":"98","author":"Hoen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.010","article-title":"Comparison of pain syndromes associated with nervous or somatic lesions and development of a new neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4)","volume":"114","author":"Bouhassira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00109-7","article-title":"Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: Results from the IQOLA Project. International Quality of Life Assessment","volume":"51","author":"Gandek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/9\/989\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:20:02Z","timestamp":1760142002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/9\/989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11090989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11090989","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]}}}