{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:11:12Z","timestamp":1760231472522,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade\/Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade","award":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"]}]},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa e P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o of the Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","award":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS\/SVS\u2013TC 318\/2013","CNPQ\u2013Proc. 475142\/2013-6","Edital 02\/2022\u2013PAPQ\/PROPESP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rates of syphilis and viral co-infections among people who use crack-cocaine (PWUCC) were assessed in this study. This cross-sectional study relied on biological and self-reported socio-behavioral data from a convenience sample of 990 PWUCC from twenty-six municipalities in the states of Amap\u00e1 and Par\u00e1, northern Brazil. Blood samples were collected to assess the presence of Treponema pallidum using the Rapid Qualitative Test (RQT) and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL). Reactive samples by RQT were used to assess the presence of HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Logistic regression models were used to determine the association of variables assessed with syphilis. In total, 287 (29.0%) of the PWUCC sample had reactive results for syphilis. HBV (15.7%), HCV (5.9%), and HIV-1 (9.8%) were detected among PWUCC with syphilis. Young age, low monthly income and education level, long duration of crack-cocaine use, condomless sex, multiple sex partners, and exchange of sex for money\/drugs were associated with syphilis. The present study provides unique insights on the epidemiological status of syphilis among PWUCC in northern Brazil, with multiple implications for improving urgent interventions for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11091055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T04:49:22Z","timestamp":1663562962000},"page":"1055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Syphilis and Co-Infections with HIV-1, HBV, and HCV among People Who Use Crack-Cocaine in Northern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Karen Lorena N.","family":"Baia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Caroline 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