{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:19:31Z","timestamp":1760231971737,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais","award":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordenac\u0327\u00e3o de Aperfeic\u0327oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brazil (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01403-21","21\/2020","245\/2021","443215\/2019-7","401933\/2020-2","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) of the family Poxviridae comprises several viruses that are capable of infecting a wide range of hosts. One of the most widespread OPXVs is the Vaccinia virus (VACV), which circulates in zoonotic cycles in South America, especially in Brazil, infecting domestic and wild animals and humans and causing economic losses as well as impacting public health. Despite this, little is known about the presence and\/or exposure of neotropical primates to orthopoxviruses in the country. In this study, we report the results of a search for evidence of OPVX infections in neotropical free-living primates in the state of Minas Gerais, southeast Brazil. The sera or liver tissues of 63 neotropical primates were examined through plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) and real-time PCR. OPXV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in two sera (4.5%) from Callithrix penicillata, showing 55% and 85% reduction in plaque counts, evidencing their previous exposure to the virus. Both individuals were collected in urban areas. All real-time PCR assays were negative. This is the first time that evidence of OPXV exposure has been detected in C. penicillata, a species that usually lives at the interface between cities and forests, increasing risks of zoonotic transmissions through spillover\/spillback events. In this way, studies on the circulation of OPXV in neotropical free-living primates are necessary, especially now, with the monkeypox virus being detected in new regions of the planet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:50:01Z","timestamp":1665449401000},"page":"1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serological Evidence of Orthopoxvirus Infection in Neotropical Primates in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9768-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Vieira Santos de","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Lorene Soares Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Silva-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Viana","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Health Science Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thamires Gabriele Macedo","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Health Science Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Eduarda","family":"Gon\u00e7alves-dos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cirilo Henrique","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandy Micaele","family":"Aquino-Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius de Oliveira","family":"Ottone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Health Science Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex Junio Jardim","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1717-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldo Medeiros","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"T\u00e1tila-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9718-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Ant\u00f4nio Barreto de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90450-190, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmilson","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90450-190, Rio Grande do Sul, 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Rego","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anai\u00e1","family":"da Paix\u00e3o Sev\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bergmann Morais","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Department, Biology Institute, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Simonini Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5948-472X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Souza","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, Tocantins, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia\u2014Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia\u2014Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio 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Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Health Science Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.08.018","article-title":"Zoonotic Brazilian Vaccinia virus: From field to therapy","volume":"92","author":"Kroon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir. 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