{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:35:47Z","timestamp":1790638547666,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERASMUS+"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005603","name":"University of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005603","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Romania)"},{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases at USAMV Cluj-Napoca"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study's concept was outlined around the principle of conservation medicine in a biodiversity hotspot from the Neotropical realm: the Galapagos Islands. The wildlife balance has been modified by multi-host parasites introduced with some domestic animals (dogs and cats). The endemic and endangered species, the Galapagos sea lion (GSL, Zalophus wollebaeki), has been exposed to pathogens of canine and feline origin that could become a significant conservation problem for this species. One of these potential cases is the filarial heartworm infection, Dirofilaria immitis, which has been reported on other pinnipeds, with fatalities and clinical symptoms. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence of the microfilaria of D. immitis in dogs from Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristobal Island, where the largest rookery of GSLs lives and where the proximity to domestic dogs is the most intimate compared to other rookeries of the archipelago. Between July and September 2021, 587 blood samples were collected from owned dogs of Puerto Baquerizo Moreno. Overall, 10 dogs (1.7%) were positive for the presence of the microfilaria of D. immitis with a confidence interval of 0.7\u20132.8%. No other filarial species were identified. Significant differences in prevalence between different dog categories were observed only for the age (p = 0.001). This study represents the first report of D. immitis, the agent of canine heartworm disease, in dogs from San Cristobal Island. Hence, the presence of the microfilaria of D. immitis in the blood of dogs could increase the risk of infection to which the GSL is exposed in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1667447587000},"page":"1287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Presence of Dirofilaria immitis in Domestic Dogs on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-8924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Culda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romane","family":"Dionnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andra","family":"Barbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrada","family":"C\u00e2rstolovean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-9613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla","family":"Espin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agencia de Regulaci\u00f3n y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Gal\u00e1pagos, Isla San Crist\u00f3bal 200152, Gal\u00e1pagos, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rommel","family":"Vinueza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Entomolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica & Medicina Tropical LEMMT, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marylin","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agencia de Regulaci\u00f3n y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Gal\u00e1pagos, Isla San Crist\u00f3bal 200152, Gal\u00e1pagos, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"P\u00e1ez-Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galapagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Isla San Crist\u00f3bal 200150, Islas Gal\u00e1pagos, Ecuador"},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n del Parque Nacional Gal\u00e1pagos, Unidad T\u00e9cnica Operativa San Crist\u00f3bal, Isla San Crist\u00f3bal 200150, Islas Gal\u00e1pagos, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1909-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Renato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Entomolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica & Medicina Tropical LEMMT, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6076-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Mihalca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Darwin, C. 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