{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:59:16Z","timestamp":1793404756825,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":276,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Population growth and industrialization have led to a race for greater food and supply productivity. As a result, the occupation and population of forest areas, contact with wildlife and their respective parasites and vectors, the trafficking and consumption of wildlife, the pollution of water sources, and the accumulation of waste occur more frequently. Concurrently, the agricultural and livestock production for human consumption has accelerated, often in a disorderly way, leading to the deforestation of areas that are essential for the planet\u2019s climatic and ecological balance. The effects of human actions on other ecosystems such as the marine ecosystem cause equally serious damage, such as the pollution of this habitat, and the reduction of the supply of fish and other animals, causing the coastal population to move to the continent. The sum of these factors leads to an increase in the demands such as housing, basic sanitation, and medical assistance, making these populations underserved and vulnerable to the effects of global warming and to the emergence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. In this article, we discuss the anthropic actions such as climate changes, urbanization, deforestation, the trafficking and eating of wild animals, as well as unsustainable agricultural intensification which are drivers for emerging and re-emerging of zoonotic pathogens such as viral (Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Hendravirus, Nipah virus, rabies, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2), bacterial (leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, and tuberculosis), parasitic (leishmaniasis) and fungal pathogens, which pose a substantial threat to the global community. Finally, we shed light on the urgent demand for the implementation of the One Health concept as a collaborative global approach to raise awareness and educate people about the science behind and the battle against zoonotic pathogens to mitigate the threat for both humans and animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T03:29:50Z","timestamp":1668742190000},"page":"1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5259-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina Salajegheh","family":"Tazerji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box. 1477893855, Iran"},{"name":"Young Researchers and Elites Club Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tehran P.O. Box. 1477893855, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4301-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Nardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. Aleandri\u201d, 00178 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Safdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5260-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awad A.","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt"},{"name":"Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 G\u00f6denroth, Germany"},{"name":"Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, 59159 B\u00f6nen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phelipe Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"ix","article-title":"Preface of the first English edition","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Acha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1601.081467","article-title":"Public health threat of new, reemerging, and neglected zoonoses in the industrialized world","volume":"16","author":"Cutler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22336","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08896-w","article-title":"Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases","volume":"27","author":"Kamel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"WHO (2015). Anticipating Emerging Infectious Disease Epidemics, WHO. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/252646\/WHO-OHE-PED-2016.2-eng.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00646-x","article-title":"Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention, and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: A scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Adhikari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2020.108707","article-title":"Emerging diseases, livestock expansion and biodiversity loss are positively related at global scale","volume":"248","author":"Morand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104384","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective","volume":"84","author":"Sironi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145413","article-title":"Shifts in global bat diversity suggest a possible role of climate change in the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"767","author":"Beyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110600","article-title":"A call for urgent action to safeguard our planet and our health in line with the Helsinki declaration","volume":"193","author":"Halonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.661063","article-title":"Outbreaks of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases are associated with changes in Forest Cover and Oil Palm expansion at global scale","volume":"8","author":"Morand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.10071","article-title":"Mapping human pressures on biodiversity across the planet uncovers anthropogenic threat complexes","volume":"2","author":"Bowler","year":"2020","journal-title":"People Nat."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"IPCC (2022, August 01). Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report\u2014Summary Chapter for Policymakers. Available online: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/site\/assets\/uploads\/2018\/02\/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Farber, D.A., and Carlarne, C.P. (2017). Climate Change Law, West Academic Publishing. Law Work Paper."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"D\u00edaz, S., Settele, J., Brond\u00edzio, E.S., Ngo, H.T., Gu\u00e8ze, M., Agard, J., Arneth, A., Balvanera, P., Brauman, K.A., and Butchart, M.S.H. (2019). Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, IPBES Secretariat. Available online: https:\/\/ipbes.net\/sites\/default\/files\/inline\/files\/ipbes_global_assessment_report_summary_for_policymakers.pdf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biab079","article-title":"World scientists\u2019 warning of a climate emergency 2021","volume":"71","author":"Ripple","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025008","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab5f96","article-title":"Living within a one planet reality: The contribution of personal footprint calculators","volume":"15","author":"Collins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-020-00366-4","article-title":"Baby pangolins on my plate: Possible lessons to learn from the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Volpato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Goulet, C. (2010). A Multi-Scale Evaluation of Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon platirhinos) Habitat Selection at the Northern Extent of Its Range. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of New Hampshire]. Available online: https:\/\/scholars.unh.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1546&context=thesis."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Patz, J., Githeko, A., McCarty, J., Hussain, S., Confalonieri, U., and de Wet, N. (2003). Climate change and infectious diseases. Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Gorris, M.E. (2019). Environmental Infectious Disease Dynamics in Relation to Climate and Climate Change. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of California]."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-020-8853-4","article-title":"Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from diverse habitats in Spitsbergen, Svalbard","volume":"79","author":"Brill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"169","article-title":"Rabies: Control strategies for Himalayan states of the Indian subcontinent","volume":"40","author":"Panda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Commun. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-016-0809-2","article-title":"Economic growth, urbanization, globalization, and the risks of emerging infectious diseases in China: A review","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-020-00995-w","article-title":"Habitat fragmentation, livelihood behaviors, and contact between people and nonhuman primates in Africa","volume":"35","author":"Bloomfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-235-2009","article-title":"Estimates of fire emissions from an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data and biogeochemical modelling","volume":"6","author":"Morton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Americo, T. (2022, January 20). Dia da Amaz\u00f4nia: Desmatamento da Floresta \u00c9 8,2 % Maior em 2021. CNN Brasil. Available online: https:\/\/www.cnnbrasil.com.br\/nacional\/dia-da-amazonia-desmatamento-da-floresta-e-82-maior-em-2021\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25344-5","article-title":"Abundance of impacted forest patches less than 5 km is a key driver of the incidence of malaria in Amazonian Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Chaves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0912931","article-title":"Global climate change and infectious diseases","volume":"362","author":"Shuman","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagy, L., Forsberg, B.R., and Artaxo, P. (2016). Interactions between biosphere, atmosphere and human land use in the Amazon Basin analysis and synthesis. Ecological Studies, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49902-3"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180403","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2018.0403","article-title":"Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence","volume":"15","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.01.006","article-title":"The role of wildlife in the transmission of parasitic zoonoses in peri-urban and urban areas","volume":"4","author":"Mackenstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202020191375","article-title":"Beyond diversity loss and climate change: Impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health","volume":"92","author":"Ellwanger","year":"2020","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060480","article-title":"Wildlife, exotic pets, and emerging zoonoses","volume":"13","author":"Chomel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"CONAB (2022, January 20). Boletim da Safra de Gr\u00e3os, Available online: https:\/\/www.conab.gov.br\/info-agro\/safras\/graos\/boletim-da-safra-de-graos."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Madeiro, C. (2022, January 20). Pecu\u00e1ria Responde por 75% do Desmatamento em Terras P\u00fablicas da Amaz\u00f4nia. UOL, Available online: https:\/\/noticias.uol.com.br\/meio-ambiente\/ultimas-noticias\/redacao\/2021\/10\/27\/amazonia-87-do-desmate-em-terras-publicas-ocorreu-em-areas-nao-destinadas.htm."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"UOL (2022, January 10). WWF: Aumento do Desmatamento no Brasil Piora Risco de Zoonoses e COVID. UOL. Available online: https:\/\/noticias.uol.com.br\/meio-ambiente\/ultimas-noticias\/redacao\/2021\/01\/12\/estudo-wwf-desmatamento-brasil-amazonia.htm."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01214-3","article-title":"Climatic limit for agriculture in Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Rattis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.12.003","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food production and animal health","volume":"121","author":"Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-022-03256-x","article-title":"Influence of COVID-19 on the sustainability of livestock performance and welfare on a global scale","volume":"54","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attia, Y.A., Rahman, M.T., Shehata, A.A., Hafez, H.M., Hossain, M.J., Basiouni, S., and Khafaga, A.F. (2022). Poultry production and sustainability in developing countries under the COVID-19 crisis: Lessons learned. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12050644"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"United Nations (2022, January 20). More than Half a Billion Pushed into Extreme Poverty Due to Health Costs. Available online: https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2021\/12\/110775."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"B\u00e9langer, J., and Pilling, D. (2019). The State of the World\u2019s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, FAO. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/CA3129EN\/CA3129EN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1","article-title":"De Consumo e Comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de Carnes Silvestres: Potencial econ\u00f4mico para a Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental","volume":"2","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Amaz. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cajaiba, R.L., Da Silva, W.B., and Piovesan, P.R.R. (2015). Animais silvestres utilizados como recurso alimentar em assentamentos rurais no munic\u00edpio de Uruar\u00e1, Par\u00e1, Brasil. Desenvolv. Meio Ambient., 34.","DOI":"10.5380\/dma.v34i0.38889"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"27","article-title":"Consumption of wild animals in extractive communities in the State of Acre, Brazilian Amazon","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biota Amaz."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00310-5","article-title":"Bringing home the biggest bacon: A cross-site analysis of the structure of hunter-kill profiles in Neotropical forests","volume":"111","author":"Jerozolimski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"9","article-title":"A floresta como mercado: Ca\u00e7a e conflito na Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juru\u00e1 (AC)","volume":"3","author":"Dias","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bol. Rede Amaz."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"108","article-title":"Wildlife markets in south China","volume":"8","author":"Chow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. -Wildl. Interact."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12671","article-title":"The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern","volume":"14","author":"Contini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.02.007","article-title":"Live and wet markets: Food Access versus the risk of disease emergence","volume":"29","author":"Naguib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00881-y","article-title":"Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goosen, W., Moseley, M.H., Kerr, T.J., Potts, A., and Miller, M. (2021). The seroepidemiology of a neglected zoonotic and livestock pathogen in free-ranging bovids: Leptospirosis in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091072"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6937","DOI":"10.36489\/saudecoletiva.2021v11i67p6937-6948","article-title":"Perfil Epidemiol\u00f3gico da Raiva Humana na Regi\u00e3o Norte do Estado do Par\u00e1 durante o per\u00edodo de 2000 a 2019","volume":"11","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2012.09.001","article-title":"A \u201cOne Health\u201d surveillance and control of brucellosis in developing countries: Moving away from improvisation","volume":"36","author":"Godfroid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Formenti, N., Cal\u00f2, S., Parisio, G., Guarneri, F., Birbes, L., Pitozzi, A., Scali, F., Tonni, M., Guadagno, F., and Giovannini, S. (2021). ESBL\/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar: Epidemiology and risk factors. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071855"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Zoological Society of London (2022, January 20). Illegal wildlife Trade Impacts. Available online: https:\/\/www.zsl.org\/conservation\/how-we-work\/illegal-wildlife-trade-crisis\/illegal-wildlife-trade-impacts."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-00677-0","article-title":"The value of China\u2019s ban on wildlife trade and consumption","volume":"4","author":"Koh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-008-9358-8","article-title":"Wildlife trade, consumption, and conservation awareness in southwest China","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.04.010","article-title":"Environmental factors and host microbiomes shape host\u2013pathogen dynamics","volume":"36","author":"Schmeller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-006-0063-3","article-title":"The role of ecotones in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"3","author":"Despommier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00014","article-title":"The one health concept: 10 years old and a long road ahead","volume":"5","author":"Mavingui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001655117","article-title":"Sustainable development must account for pandemic risk","volume":"117","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.01.006","article-title":"Human ecology in pathogenic landscapes: Two hypotheses on how","volume":"3","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00179-0","article-title":"Anthropogenic environmental change, and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife","volume":"78","author":"Daszak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6877","article-title":"Unhealthy landscapes: Policy recommendations on land use change and infectious disease emergence","volume":"112","author":"Patz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05775","article-title":"Origins of major human infectious diseases","volume":"447","author":"Wolfe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimakakou, E., Johnston, H.J., Streftaris, G., and Cherrie, J.W. (2018). Exposure to environmental and occupational particulate air pollution as a potential contributor to neurodegeneration and diabetes: A systematic review of epidemiological research. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081704"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000451","article-title":"The relationship between executive functions and fluid intelligence in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Roca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21583","article-title":"Breast cancer statistics, 2019. CA","volume":"69","author":"DeSantis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb56878.x","article-title":"Long-term health effects of the occupational exposure to DDT. A preliminary report","volume":"837","author":"Cocco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.51585\/gjm.2021.0003","article-title":"Susceptibility of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae to Roundup","volume":"1","author":"Basiouni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ger. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.51585\/gjvr.2021.2.0011","article-title":"Detection of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Salmonella Typhimurium in commercial poultry farms in Copperbelt Province, Zambia","volume":"1","author":"Kaonga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ger. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2019.033","article-title":"Characterization of Salmonella enterica isolated from poultry hatcheries and commercial broiler chickens","volume":"39","author":"Shehata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benrabia, I., Hamdi, T.M., Shehata, A.A., Neubauer, H., and Wareth, G. (2020). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in poultry species in Algeria: Long-term study on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance. Vet. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7020054"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.51585\/gjm.2021.002","article-title":"Emerging carbapenem resistance in ESKAPE pathogens in Sub-Saharan Africa and the way forward","volume":"1","author":"Njeru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ger. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Bogitsh, B.J., Carter, C.E., and Oeltmann, T.N. (2005). Human Parasitology, Academic Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-052016-100506","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease","volume":"12","author":"Baseler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Virus nomenclature below the species level: A standardized nomenclature for filovirus strains and variants rescued from cDNA","volume":"159","author":"Kuhn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuw010","article-title":"Neglected filoviruses","volume":"40","author":"Burk","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0227-2","article-title":"The discovery of Bombali virus adds further support for bats as hosts of ebolaviruses","volume":"3","author":"Goldstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.181666","article-title":"Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bat, Kenya Kristian","volume":"25","author":"Forbes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12173","article-title":"Human activities link fruit bat presence to Ebola virus disease outbreaks","volume":"50","author":"Olivero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mamm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12291","article-title":"Hantavirus infections","volume":"21","author":"Saksida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2710.211298","article-title":"Seoul virus associated with pet rats, scotland, uk, 2019","volume":"27","author":"Shepherd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clement, J., LeDuc, J.W., Lloyd, G., Reynes, J.M., Reynes, J., McElhinney, L., and Lee, H.W. (2019). Wild rats, laboratory rats, pet rats: Global seoul hantavirus disease revisited. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070652"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2011.581534","article-title":"Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in farm and abattoir workers in Trinidad\u2014A preliminary study","volume":"16","author":"Adesiyun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agromed."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hantaviruses and Leptospira in muskrat and coypu trappers in The Netherlands, 2016","volume":"8","author":"Friesema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1807-160","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hantavirus and Borrelia burgdorferi in D\u00fczce (Turkey) forest villages and the relationship with sociodemographic features","volume":"49","author":"Akar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw401","article-title":"Human infections by non-rodent-associated hantaviruses in Africa","volume":"214","author":"Heinemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.438","article-title":"High prevalence of hantavirus infection in Indian communities of the Paraguayan and Argentinean Gran Chaco","volume":"59","author":"Ferrer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0907.020587","article-title":"Hantavirus prevalence in the IX Region of Chile","volume":"9","author":"Frey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(00)00227-6","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies to Sin Nombre virus in humans living in rural areas of southern New Mexico and western Texas","volume":"74","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276108022013007","article-title":"Prevalence of antibody to hantaviruses in humans and rodents in the Caribbean region of Colombia determined using Araraquara and Maciel virus antigens Camilo","volume":"108","author":"Mattar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mem. Instit. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002551","article-title":"Serological survey in the Finnish human population implies human-to-human transmission of Ljungan virus or antigenically related viruses","volume":"144","author":"Voutilainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809991348","article-title":"A serosurvey reveals Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Europe\u2019s hotspot in hantavirus seroprevalence","volume":"138","author":"Hukic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s12539-020-00413-4","article-title":"Hantavirus: The next pandemic we are waiting for?","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Sci. Comput. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2015.00054","article-title":"Landscape and regional environmental analysis of the spatial distribution of hantavirus human cases in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Zeimes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5470.1432","article-title":"Nipah virus: A recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus","volume":"288","author":"Chua","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0336","article-title":"Rainforest frogs of the Australian Wet Tropics: Guild classification and the ecological similarity of declining species","volume":"265","author":"Williams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.09.026","article-title":"A review of Nipah and Hendra viruses with an historical aside","volume":"162","author":"Ksiazek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0340","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent Paramyxovirus","volume":"349","author":"Harcourt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1418","article-title":"Functional properties of the fusion, and attachment glycoproteins of Nipah virus","volume":"200","author":"Tamin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03838","article-title":"EphrinB2 the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus","volume":"436","author":"Negrete","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-8-1927","article-title":"Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: A natural reservoir of Hendra virus","volume":"81","author":"Halpin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01522-2","article-title":"Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes","volume":"4","author":"Chua","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1086\/647951","article-title":"Transmission of human infection with Nipah virus","volume":"49","author":"Luby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2019.1580827","article-title":"Nipah virus: Epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies\u2013a comprehensive review","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pillai, V.S., Krishna, G., and Veettil, M.V. (2020). Nipah virus: Past outbreaks and future containment. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040465"},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"1","article-title":"The implications of population growth and climate change on sustainable development in Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Mondal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jamba J. Disaster Risk Stud."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j5117","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5117","article-title":"Climate change: Health effects and response in South Asia","volume":"359","author":"Sen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"75","article-title":"Risk factors, prevention, and communication strategy during Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia","volume":"32","author":"Chua","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malays. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"15","article-title":"Anthropogenic deforestation, El Ni\u00f1o, and the emergence of Nipah virus in Malaysia","volume":"24","author":"Chua","year":"2002","journal-title":"Malays. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01384-3","article-title":"The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses","volume":"3","author":"Field","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0522","article-title":"Urban habituation, ecological connectivity, and epidemic dampening: The emergence of hendra virus from flying foxes (Pteropus spp.)","volume":"278","author":"Plowright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0656","article-title":"Date palm sap linked to Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh, 2008","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-020-01468-x","article-title":"Hunting Bats for Human Consumption in Bangladesh","volume":"17","author":"Nahar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01875-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01875-17","article-title":"Nipah virus infection","volume":"56","author":"Ang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.161922","article-title":"Convergence of humans, bats, trees, and culture in Nipah virus transmission, Bangladesh","volume":"23","author":"Gurley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100155","article-title":"Review of rabies in Nepal","volume":"10","author":"Pantha","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohde, R.E., and Rupprecht, C.E. (2020). Update on lyssaviruses and rabies: Will past progress play as prologue in the near term towards future elimination?. Fac. Rev., 9.","DOI":"10.12703\/b\/9-9"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright, N., Subedi, D., Pantha, S., Prasad Acharya, K., and Hendrik Nel, L. (2021). The role of waste management in control of rabies: A neglected issue. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020225"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2017.1343516","article-title":"Rabies\u2014Epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: A comprehensive review","volume":"37","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections transmitted by dogs","volume":"8","author":"Ghasemzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, September 05). WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: Third Report. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/272364."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.81786","article-title":"Fatal rabies despite post-exposure prophylaxis","volume":"29","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.02.012","article-title":"The spread of canine rabies into Free State province of South Africa: A molecular epidemiological characterization","volume":"142","author":"Ngoepe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"WHO (2022, September 20). Frequently Asked Questions about Rabies for the General Public. Available online: https\/\/www who int\/rabies\/Rabies_General_Public_FAQs_20Sep2018 pdf."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.37.2.2825","article-title":"Rabies: A medical perspective","volume":"37","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, M.T., Sobur, M.A., Islam, M.S., Ievy, S., Hossain, M.J., Zowalaty, M.E.E., Rahman, A.M.M.T., and Ashour, H.M. (2020). Zoonotic diseases: Etiology, impact, and control. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091405"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.04.003","article-title":"Major emerging and re-emerging zoonoses in China: A matter of global health and socioeconomic development for 1.3 billion","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castillo-Neyra, R., Zegarra, E., Monroy, Y., Bernedo, R.F., Cornejo-Rosello, I., Paz-Soldan, V.A., and Levy, M.Z. (2017). Spatial association of canine rabies outbreak and ecological urban corridors, Arequipa, Peru. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed2030038"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0956247819866124","article-title":"Does urbanization make emergence of zoonosis more likely? Evidence, myths, and gaps","volume":"31","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Urban."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benavides, J.A., Valderrama, W., Recuenco, S., Uieda, W., Suz\u00e1n, G., Avila-Flores, R., Velasco-Villa, A., Almeida, M., de Andrade, F.A.G., and Molina-Flores, B. (2020). Defining new pathways to manage the ongoing emergence of bat Rabies in Latin America. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091002"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taaa010","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa010","article-title":"Traveller exposures to animals: A GeoSentinel analysis","volume":"27","author":"Muehlenbein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101766","article-title":"Epidemiology of rabies cases among international travellers, 2013\u20132019: A retrospective analysis of published reports","volume":"36","author":"Gautret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.02.003","article-title":"Dog Transport and Infectious Disease Risk: An International Perspective","volume":"49","author":"Polak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seetahal, J.F.R., Vokaty, A., Vigilato, M.A.N., Carrington, C.V.F., Pradel, J., Louison, B., van Sauers, A., Roopnarine, R., Gonz\u00e1lez Arrebato, J.C., and Millien, M.F. (2018). Rabies in the Caribbean: A situational analysis and historic review. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3030089"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elmore, S.A., Chipman, R.B., Slate, D., Huyvaert, K.P., VerCauteren, K.C., and Gilbert, A.T. (2017). Management, and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005249"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14470","article-title":"Landscape attributes governing local transmission of an endemic zoonosis: Rabies virus in domestic dogs","volume":"27","author":"Brunker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Andrade, F.A.G., Gomes, M.N., Uieda, W., Begot, A.L., Ramos, O.D.S., and Fernandes, M.E.B. (2016). Geographical analysis for detecting high-risk areas for bovine\/human rabies transmitted by the common hematophagous bat in the Amazon region, Brazil. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157332"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e1nyai, T., Tam\u00e1s, P., Ill\u00e9s, B., Stankevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, \u017d., and B\u00e1nyai, \u00c1. (2019). Optimization of municipal waste collection routing: Impact of industry 4.0 technologies on environmental awareness and sustainability. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040634"},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"26055","article-title":"Do open garbage dumps play a role in canine rabies transmission in Biyem-Assi health district in Cameroon?","volume":"5","author":"Raymond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101556","article-title":"Epidemiological pattern of dog bites and the occurrence of rabies in humans within Srinagar district of Kashmir Valley, India","volume":"73","author":"Thahaby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"coy026","article-title":"Enhanced access to anthropogenic food waste is related to hyperglycemia in raccoons (Procyon lotor)","volume":"6","author":"Mazal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conserv. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69316-0","article-title":"One Health promotion and the politics of dog management in remote, northern Australian communities","volume":"10","author":"Brookes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3390\/ani1040326","article-title":"Canine rabies: A looming threat to public","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy, B.P.A., Cumming, B., and Brown, W.Y. (2020). Global strategies for population management of domestic cats (Felis catus): A systematic review to inform best practice management for remote indigenous communities in Australia. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040663"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein, E.J.C., and Abrahamian, F.M. (2015). Diseases transmitted by cats. Microbiol. Spectr., 3.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0013-2015"},{"key":"ref_149","unstructured":"Bedford, E. (2022, September 20). Number of Dogs in the United States from 2000 to 2017. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/198100\/dogs-in-the-united-states-since-2000\/#:~:text=According%20to%20a%20pet%20owners,Why%20has%20this%20figure%20increased%3F."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-021-01097-4","article-title":"\u2018Stray appetites\u2019: A socio-ecological analysis of free-ranging dogs living alongside human communities in Bangalore, India","volume":"24","author":"Bhalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikana, L., Lembo, T., Hampson, K., Lushasi, K., Mtenga, S., Sambo, M., Wight, D., Coutts, J., and Kreppel, K. (2021). Dog ownership practices and responsibilities for children\u2019s health in terms of rabies control and prevention in rural communities in Tanzania. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009220"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11143-y","article-title":"The microbiome of bat guano: For what is this knowledge important?","volume":"105","author":"Fira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202062001","article-title":"Patient bitten by a domestic cat","volume":"62","author":"Rosselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sao Paulo Inst. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2015.12.002","article-title":"The increase of exotic zoonotic helminth infections: The impact of urbanization, climate change and globalization","volume":"91","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10065","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07507-7","article-title":"The effects of deforestation and urbanization on sustainable growth in Asian countries","volume":"27","author":"Arshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17091","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.91","article-title":"Rabies","volume":"3","author":"Fooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2018.11","article-title":"The spread and evolution of rabies virus: Conquering new frontiers","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11083","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11083","article-title":"Mesocarnivore landscape use along a gradient of urban, rural, and forest cover","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2247","article-title":"Risk factors associated with attacks of hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus) on cattle in Ecuador","volume":"19","author":"Orlando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","article-title":"The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2","volume":"5","author":"Gorbalenya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helmy, Y.A., Fawzy, M., Elaswad, A., Sobieh, A., Kenney, S.P., and Shehata, A.A. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive review of taxonomy, genetics, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041225"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.51585\/gjm.2021.2.0006","article-title":"An overview of the ongoing challenges in SARS-CoV-2 global control","volume":"1","author":"Shehata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ger. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0118-9","article-title":"Origin, and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba9757","article-title":"The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak","volume":"368","author":"Chinazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74666-w","article-title":"Multiple early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into a global travel hub in the Middle East","volume":"10","author":"Tayoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9263","article-title":"Genomic surveillance reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Northern California","volume":"369","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd2161","article-title":"Evolution and epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil","volume":"369","author":"Candido","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1104-0","article-title":"Crowding, and the shape of COVID-19 epidemics","volume":"26","author":"Rader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.11.057","article-title":"Controlling cyanobacterial blooms through effective flocculation and sedimentation with combined use of flocculants and phosphorus adsorbing natural soil and modified clay","volume":"97","author":"Noyma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, F., Hagan, J.E., Calcagno, J., Kane, M., Torgerson, P., Martinez-Silveira, M.S., Stein, C., Abela-Ridder, B., and Ko, A.I. (2015). Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: A Systematic review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003898"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagan, J.E., Moraga, P., Costa, F., Capian, N., Ribeiro, G.S., Wunder, E.A., Felzemburgh, R.D.M., Reis, R.B., Nery, N., and Santana, F.S. (2016). Spatiotemporal determinants of urban leptospirosis transmission: Four-year prospective cohort study of Slum residents in Brazil. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004275"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler, B. (2015). Animal leptospirosis. Leptospira and Leptospirosis: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2012.11.005","article-title":"Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis","volume":"43","author":"Picardeau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"65","article-title":"Leptospirosis in humans","volume":"387","author":"Haake","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_176","first-page":"239","article-title":"Leptospirosis\u2014Current risk factors connected with human activity and the environment","volume":"20","author":"Wasinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8301","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110808301","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors and vulnerability to outbreaks of leptospirosis in Nicaragua","volume":"11","author":"Bacallao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galan, D.I., Roess, A.A., Pereira, S.V.C., and Schneider, M.C. (2021). Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000\u20132015. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247763"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_674_21","article-title":"Shah Epidemiological determinants of leptospirosis in rural and urban districts of Maharashtra, India Ravindra","volume":"10","author":"Kembhavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_180","first-page":"434","article-title":"Leptospirosis incidence and mortality in Malaysia","volume":"47","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cosson, J.F., Picardeau, M., Mielcarek, M., Tatard, C., Chaval, Y., Suputtamongkol, Y., Buchy, P., Jittapalapong, S., Herbreteau, V., and Morand, S. (2014). Epidemiology of leptospira transmitted by rodents in Southeast Asia. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002902"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001093","article-title":"Frequency of animal leptospirosis in the Southern United States and the implications for human health","volume":"113","author":"Blessington","year":"2020","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.06.013","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Visser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.04.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of leptospirosis in North-Central Italy: Fifteen years of serological data (2002\u20132016)","volume":"65","author":"Bertelloni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Un-Habitat (2012). Enhancing Urban Safety and Security: Global Report on Human Settlements 2007, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849771146"},{"key":"ref_186","unstructured":"Fry, S., Cousins, B., and Olivola, K. (2022, September 01). Health of Children Living in Urban Slums in Asia and the Near East: Review of Existing Literature and Data, Available online: https:\/\/pdf.usaid.gov\/pdf_docs\/PNACQ101.pdf."},{"key":"ref_187","unstructured":"Faine, S. (1994). Leptospira and Leptospirosis, CRC Press Inc."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blasdell, K.R., Morand, S., Perera, D., and Firth, C. (2019). Association of rodent-borne leptospira spp. with urban environments in Malaysian Borneo. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007141"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.22271\/j.ento.2021.v9.i1h.8207","article-title":"Leptospira: An emerging zoonotic pathogen of climate change, global warming, and unplanned urbanization: A review","volume":"9","author":"Dubey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-10-199611150-00002","article-title":"Sporadic urban leptospirosis","volume":"125","author":"Vinetz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006380","article-title":"Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in various species of small mammals caught in an inner-city area in Switzerland","volume":"128","author":"Adler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-016-0529-1","article-title":"Establishing turf grass increases soil greenhouse gas emissions in peri-urban environments","volume":"19","author":"Larsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_193.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dechet, A.M., Parsons, M., Rambaran, M., Mohamed-Rambaran, P., Florendo-Cumbermack, A., Persaud, S., Baboolal, S., Ari, M.D., Shadomy, S.V., and Zaki, S.R. (2012). Leptospirosis outbreak following severe flooding: A rapid assessment and mass prophylaxis campaign","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039672"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_193.2","unstructured":"Guyana, January-February 2005. PLoS ONE, 7."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002","article-title":"Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: Fuelling the fire?","volume":"104","author":"Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-008-0074-z","article-title":"Leptospirosis: An emerging global public health problem","volume":"33","author":"Vijayachari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"131","article-title":"The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florian\u00f3polis, Brazil, 1991\u20131996","volume":"4","author":"Kupek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mwachui, M.A., Crump, L., Hartskeerl, R., Zinsstag, J., and Hattendorf, J. (2015). Environmental and behavioral determinants of leptospirosis transmission: A systematic review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003843"},{"key":"ref_198","first-page":"955","article-title":"Resurgence of leptospirosis in dogs in Ontario: Recent findings","volume":"43","author":"Prescott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.04.005","article-title":"Canine leptospirosis\u2014Do we have a problem?","volume":"117","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.05.006","article-title":"Europe\u2019s neglected infections of poverty","volume":"15","author":"Hotez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_201","first-page":"37","article-title":"Leptospirosis: A worldwide resurgent zoonosis and important cause of acute renal failure and death in developing nations","volume":"19","author":"Cruz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethn. Dis."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.4.597","article-title":"Risk factors associated with antibodies to leptospires in inner-city residents of Baltimore: A protective role for cats","volume":"82","author":"Childs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_203","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Exposure to Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae in inner-city and suburban children: A serologic comparison","volume":"17","author":"Demers","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_204","unstructured":"Zhang, X., and House, L.A. (2021, January 1\u20133). How Pet Owner Involvement in Pet Care Influences Veterinary Service Use and Expenditure. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Austin, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_205","unstructured":"(2022, September 20). The European Food Industry (FEDIAF) Annual Report. Available online: https:\/\/svpdz.cz\/soubory\/zobrazit\/ed57b2ad95ce98d5d9ccbc5ea3f6d8167672e74c."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.30954\/2277-940X.04.2019.13","article-title":"Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for Leptospirosis in association with acute renal failure in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Tufani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.02.011","article-title":"Leptospira seroprevalence in animals in the Caribbean region: A systematic review","volume":"182","author":"Pratt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_208","unstructured":"Ananyina, Y.V. (June, January 31). Human leptospirosis in Russia: Epidemiological trends across two decades. Proceedings of the European Meeting of Leptospirosis (Eurolept), Dubrovnic, Croatia."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1305.061302","article-title":"Leptospirosis in urban wild boars, Berlin, Germany","volume":"13","author":"Jansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of Lyme Disease","volume":"29","author":"Mead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw299","article-title":"Course and outcome of early European Lyme neuroborreliosis (Bannwarth syndrome): Clinical and laboratory findings","volume":"63","author":"Ogrinc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908313210906","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"321","author":"Steere","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2022.100577","article-title":"The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients: A meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200102","article-title":"Lyme arthritis: An epidemic of oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticut communities","volume":"20","author":"Steere","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60103-7","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"379","author":"Stanek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201200145X","article-title":"Environmental determinants of Ixodes ricinus ticks and the incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, in Scotland","volume":"140","author":"James","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.11.002","article-title":"First isolation and molecular identification of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii from skin biopsies of patients in Taiwan","volume":"15","author":"Chao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00464-8","article-title":"Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: A descriptive study","volume":"16","author":"Pritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.5.2616-2625.2005","article-title":"Molecular identification, and analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in lizards in the southeastern United States","volume":"71","author":"Clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.92","article-title":"Reservoir competence of the southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus) and the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) for Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"54","author":"Levin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.003103","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis: Relation of its causative agent to its vectors and hosts in North America and Europe","volume":"36","author":"Lane","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.925","article-title":"The western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus: A vector of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"34","author":"Burgdorfer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_223","unstructured":"Gern, L., and Humair, P.F. (2002). Ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Europe. Lyme Borreliosis: Biology, Epidemiology and Control, CABI International."},{"key":"ref_224","unstructured":"Korenberg, E.I., Gorelova, N.B., and Kovalevskii, Y.V. (2002). Ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Russia. Lyme Borreliosis: Biology, Epidemiology and Control, CABI International."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.103302","article-title":"In silico approaches to develop herbal acaricides against R. (Boophilus) Microplus and in vitro anti-tick activities of selected medicinal plants","volume":"29","author":"Malak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-1","article-title":"Driving forces for changes in geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe","volume":"6","author":"Medlock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000013093","article-title":"The water balance in Ixodes ricinus L. and certain other species of ticks","volume":"37","author":"Lees","year":"1946","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0026","article-title":"Geographic and temporal variations in population dynamics of Ixodes ricinus and associated Borrelia infections in The Netherlands","volume":"11","author":"Gassner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-1","article-title":"Artikel Ixodes Ricinus Europa, 2013","volume":"6","author":"Medlock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.09.005","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus seasonal activity: Implications of global warming indicated by revisiting tick and weather data","volume":"298","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_231","first-page":"161","article-title":"Seasonal Occurrence of Ixodes Ricinus (Acari) in vegetation and on small mammals in Southern Sweden","volume":"11","author":"Nilsson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Holarct. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2014.12070.x","article-title":"Abundance, and seasonal activity of questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in their natural habitats in southern Germany in 2011","volume":"39","author":"Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"ref_233","first-page":"701","article-title":"Seasonal changes in populations of sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) (Acari: Ixodinae) in natural biotopes of St. Petersburg and Leningrad province, Russian Federation","volume":"24","author":"Grigoryeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginsberg, H. (1993). Population ecology of Ixodes damini. Ecology and Environmental Management of Lyme Disease, Rutgers University Press.","DOI":"10.36019\/9780813556031"},{"key":"ref_235","first-page":"SS-10","article-title":"Surveillance for Lyme disease\u2014United States, 1992\u20132006","volume":"Volume 57","author":"Kugeler","year":"2008","journal-title":"CDC Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004694","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis in Europe and North America","volume":"129","author":"Piesman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.141878","article-title":"Geographic distribution and expansion of human Lyme disease, United States","volume":"21","author":"Kugeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-004-0139-x","article-title":"Effect of climate change on Lyme disease risk in North America","volume":"2","author":"Brownstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"ref_239","unstructured":"WHO (2022, October 29). Tuberculosis. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tuberculosis."},{"key":"ref_240","first-page":"57","article-title":"Climate change, overcrowding and non-communicable diseases: The \u201ctriple whammy\u201d of tuberculosis transmission risk in Pacific atoll countries","volume":"16","author":"McIver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Australas. Coll. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30792-1","article-title":"Food for thought: Addressing undernutrition to end tuberculosis","volume":"21","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.21.0030","article-title":"Climate change and TB: The soil and seed conceptual framework","volume":"11","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.21.0032","article-title":"Reply to: Climate change and TB: The soil and seed conceptual framework","volume":"11","author":"Harries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00030-5","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis and its emergence in the United States","volume":"33","author":"Rosypal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_245","unstructured":"Greene, C.E. (2006). Leishmaniasis. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, W.B. Saunders. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_246","unstructured":"WHO (2022, October 30). WHA60.13: Control of Leishmaniasis. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/wha60.13."},{"key":"ref_247","unstructured":"WHO (2022, October 20). Health topics: Leishmaniasis. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(96)00041-7","article-title":"Leishmaniasis reservoirs and their significance in control","volume":"14","author":"Ashford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.04.024","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in captive wild canids in Brazil","volume":"155","author":"Luppi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_250","first-page":"24","article-title":"Animal reservoirs for visceral leishmaniasis in densely populated urban areas","volume":"2","author":"Diniz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X1994000800014","article-title":"Tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases in Brazil: Emerging anthropozoonosis and possibilities for their control","volume":"10","author":"Marzochi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962005000400015","article-title":"Tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil: A historical review related to the origin, expansion, and etiology","volume":"80","author":"Furtado","year":"2005","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.3.451","article-title":"Impact of habitat degradation on Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Tropical Dry Forests in Northern Colombia","volume":"39","author":"Travi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2012000200007","article-title":"Time series of visceral leishmaniasis in Aracaju, state of Sergipe, Brazil (1999 to 2008): Human and canine aspects","volume":"15","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ver. Bras. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boggiatto, P.M., Gibson-Corley, K.N., Metz, K., Gallup, J.M., Hostetter, J.M., Mullin, K., and Petersen, C.A. (2011). Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001019"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-4987-4","article-title":"Occurrence of Leishmania infantum and associated histological alterations in the genital tract and mammary glands of naturally infected dogs","volume":"115","author":"Boechat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-67","article-title":"First report of venereal and vertical transmission of canine leishmaniosis from naturally infected dogs in Germany","volume":"5","author":"Naucke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.05.003","article-title":"The prevention of canine leishmaniasis and its impact on public health","volume":"29","author":"Otranto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04788-w","article-title":"Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk","volume":"607","author":"Carlson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.27.2.1803","article-title":"Leishmaniasis emergence and climate change","volume":"27","author":"Ready","year":"2008","journal-title":"OIE Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000300007","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: Revisiting paradigms of epidemiology and control","volume":"48","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.51585\/gjvr.2022.2.0034","article-title":"Antifungal resistance and clinical significance in small animals","volume":"2","author":"Kaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ger. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nnadi, N.E., and Carter, D.A. (2021). Climate change and the emergence of fungal pathogens. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009503"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x","article-title":"Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital","volume":"53","author":"Satoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.05.008","article-title":"Global epidemiology of emerging Candida auris","volume":"52","author":"Rhodes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_266","first-page":"e01397-19","article-title":"On the emergence of Candida auris: Climate change, azoles, swamps, and birds","volume":"10","author":"Casadevall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Host-Microbe Biol."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Crecy, E., Jaronski, S., Lyons, B., Lyons, T., and Keyhani, N. (2009). Directed evolution of a filamentous fungus for thermotolerance. BMC Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-9-74"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00edas-De-Le\u00f3n, M.G., Brunner-Mendoza, C., del Roc\u00edo Reyes-Montes, M., and Duarte-Escalante, E. (2022). Impact of climate change on dermatophytosis. Impact of Climate Change on Fungal Diseases, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-89664-5"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI135003","article-title":"Climate change brings the specter of new infectious diseases","volume":"130","author":"Casadevall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2022.100156","article-title":"The effects of climate change on fungal diseases with cutaneous manifestations: A report from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee","volume":"6","author":"Gadre","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clim. Chang. Health"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"foz032","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/foz032","article-title":"Pathogenic budding yeasts isolated outside of clinical settings","volume":"19","author":"Opulente","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70265-8","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: A side-effect of environmental fungicide use?","volume":"9","author":"Verweij","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shehata, A.A., Attia, Y.A., Rahman, M.T., Basiouni, S., El-Seedi, H.R., Azhar, E.I., Khafaga, A.F., and Hafez, H.M. (2022). Diversity of coronaviruses with particular attention to the interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030378"},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanda, K., Jayasinghe, A., Jayasinghe, C., and Yoshida, T. (2022). A Regional analysis of the progress of current dog-mediated rabies control and prevention. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101130"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2022.101505","article-title":"Global data analysis and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Tazerji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene Rep."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/11\/1376\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:57Z","timestamp":1760145657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/11\/1376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"references-count":276,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11111376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11111376","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]}}}