{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:17:21Z","timestamp":1791433041175,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Ministry of Education and Science to implement the objectives of the 2019\u20132027 Federal Scientific and Technical Program","award":["075-15-2021-1054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2021-1054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproductive disorders, presumably caused by Chlamydia abortus, are common among the ovine population of the Mari El Republic, Russia. C. abortus infection was determined by serologic testing or isolation and detection of the organism by PCR and direct immunofluorescence in tissue samples. Rams, ewes, and lambs (10 individuals each) were randomly chosen for serological testing by the complement fixation test and 7 of 30 (23%) animals tested were positive. Tissue samples were collected from ewes and aborted fetuses for isolation by inoculating chicken embryo yolk sacs (n = 41). The same samples were analyzed by PCR using commercial and in-house PCR kits and by direct immunofluorescence. C. abortus was detected in 58.5% of samples using PCR and in 60.9% of the samples by direct immunofluorescence. Five Chlamydia isolates were cultured in egg yolk sacs and adapted for growth in cell cultures. Phylogenetic analysis showed no substantial difference between Russian isolates and those from other parts of the world. The results of the study further demonstrate the usefulness of PCR for detection of C. abortus as a faster, simpler, and more reliable approach in comparison to culturing the organism and underscoring the necessity of screening for chlamydiosis as a cause of ovine abortion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T01:46:56Z","timestamp":1669254416000},"page":"1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chlamydia abortus Isolation and Identification in Aborted Ovine Fetus in Mari El Republic of Russia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0849-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Matveeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9626-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai","family":"Nikitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Evtushenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6854-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim","family":"Azimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Zaberezhny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6442-226X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olesya","family":"Bogomolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kruglova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Yeremets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniya","family":"Markova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Yeremets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-415","article-title":"Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms","volume":"49","author":"Everett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782006000100057","article-title":"Chlamydophila abortus in production animals","volume":"36","author":"Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cienc. Rural"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"702","article-title":"Diseases of sheep","volume":"49","author":"Halbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.014","article-title":"Zoonotic potential of Chlamydophila","volume":"140","author":"Rodolakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.43-5-702","article-title":"Chlamydia-related abortions in cattle from Graubunden, Switzerland","volume":"43","author":"Borel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0944-y","article-title":"Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of Chlamydia abortus in frozen fetal and placental tissues of aborting ewes in northeastern Algeria","volume":"48","author":"Hireche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"275","article-title":"Recent advances on ovine chlamydial abortion","volume":"29","author":"Rodolakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-014-0654-x","article-title":"Molecular identification of chlamydial cause of abortion in small ruminants in Jordan","volume":"46","author":"Ababneh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aitken, I.D. (2007). Chlamydial Abortion. Diseases of Sheep, Blackwell Science Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753316.ch16"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Tibary, A. (2022, November 23). Abortion in Sheep. In MSD Manual Veterinary Manual. Available online: https:\/\/www.msdvetmanual.com\/reproductive-system\/abortion-inlarge-animals\/abortion-in-sheep."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Fedorova, V., Zaitsev, S., Saltykov, Y., Khusainov, F., Yakovlev, S., Larionova, O., Ulyanova, O., and Motin, V. (2019). The molecular characteristics of chlamydia psittaci strain from cattle isolated in the southeastern European region of Russia (Volga region). FEBS Open Bio., 9."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.105190","article-title":"Data of de novo genome assembly of the Chlamydia psittaci strain isolated from the livestock in Volga Region, Russian Federation","volume":"29","author":"Fedorova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenzko, H., Moog, U., Henning, K., Lederbach, R., Diller, R., Menge, C., Sachse, K., and Sprague, L.D. (2011). High frequency of chlamydial co-infections in clinically healthy sheep flocks. BMC Vet. Res., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-29"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Arshi, A., Doosti, A., and Sharifzadeh, A. (2011, January 23\u201324). PCR Assay for Detection of Abortion Rate Caused by Chlamydia psittaci in Iranian Cattle (Abstract). Proceedings of the International Conference of Advances in Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICABPS), Bangkok, Thailand."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092","article-title":"MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0","volume":"24","author":"Tamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Palmer, S.R., Soulsby, L.R., and Brown, D.W.G. (2011). Chlamydiosis. Zoonoses, Oxford University Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-0832-4","article-title":"Bovine Chlamydophila spp. infection: Do we underestimate the impact on fertility?","volume":"29","author":"Kaltenboeck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berri, M., Rekiki, A., Boumedine, K.S., and Rodolakis, A. (2009). Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant\u2019s clinical samples using multiplex PCR. BMC Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-130"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"73","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Iran","volume":"9","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2007.00189.x","article-title":"Comparison of ELISA and CFT assays for Chlamydophila abortus antibodies in ovine sera","volume":"85","author":"McCauley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayez, M., Elmoslemany, A., Alorabi, M., Alkafafy, M., Qasim, I., Al-Marri, T., and Elsohaby, I. (2021). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Chlamydia abortus Infection in Sheep and Goats in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040489"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2015.v5.i2.p122","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against Chlamydophila abortus in Costa Rican sheep flocks","volume":"5","author":"Dolz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2183","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in goats in Hunan province, subtropical China","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4235-4243.2002","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a recombinant protein fragment of the polymorphic outer membrane protein POMP90 of Chlamydophila abortus","volume":"40","author":"Longbottom","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2009.00536.x","article-title":"Serological analysis of Chlamydophila abortus in Australian sheep and implications for the rejection of breeder sheep for export","volume":"88","author":"McCauley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10514.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion using an indirect ELISA (rOMP91B iELISA) based on a recombinant protein fragment of the polymorphic outer membrane protein POMP91B of Chlamydophila abortus","volume":"195","author":"Longbottom","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02169.x","article-title":"Detection of Chlamydiaceae DNA in veterinary specimens using a family-specific PCR","volume":"45","author":"Condon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4276","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05290-11","article-title":"Genome sequence of the Chlamydophila abortus variant strain LLG","volume":"193","author":"Sait","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3684805","article-title":"The Chlamydophila abortus genome sequence reveals an array of variable proteins that contribute to interspecies variation","volume":"15","author":"Thomson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evv201","article-title":"Chlamydiaceae Genomics Reveals Interspecies Admixture and the Recent Evolution of Chlamydia abortus Infecting Lower Mammalian Species and Humans","volume":"7","author":"Joseph","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seth-Smith, H.M.B., Bus\u00f3, L.S., Livingstone, M., Sait, M., Harris, S.R., Aitchison, K.D., and Thomson, N.R. (2017). European Chlamydia abortus livestock isolate genomes reveal unusual stability and limited diversity, reflected in geographical signatures. BMC Genom., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3657-y"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.05.042","article-title":"Genomic evidence that the live Chlamydia abortus vaccine strain 1B is not attenuated and has the potential to cause disease","volume":"36","author":"Longbottom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00593","article-title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of a New Commercially Available Inactivated Vaccine Against Ovine Enzootic Abortion","volume":"7","author":"Montbrau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1408\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:25:33Z","timestamp":1760145933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11121408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11121408","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]}}}