{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T01:35:51Z","timestamp":1788053751649,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/211.907\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.907\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus and was first isolated 1947 in Uganda, Africa, from the serum of a sentinel Rhesus monkey. Since its discovery, the virus was responsible for major outbreaks in several different countries, being linked to severe complications in pregnant women, neonatal birth defects and the congenital zika syndrome. Maternal\u2013fetal transmission of ZIKV can occur in all trimesters of pregnancy, and the role of the placenta and its cells in these cases is yet to be fully understood. The decidua basalis and chorionic villi, maternal\u2013fetal components of the placenta, contain a rich immunological infiltrate composed by Hofbauer cells, mastocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages, primary cells of the innate immune response that have a role that still needs to be better investigated in ZIKV infection. Recent studies have already described several histopathological features and the susceptibility and permissiveness of placenta cells to infection by the Zika virus. In this review, we address some of the current knowledge on the innate immune responses against ZIKV, especially in the placenta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T03:24:09Z","timestamp":1669260249000},"page":"1410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Innate Defense in the Zika-Infected Placenta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"La\u00edza Vianna","family":"Arruda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2891-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Gede\u00e3o","family":"Salom\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-8822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe de Andrade Vieira","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7579-7788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00edssila","family":"Rabelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(52)90042-4","article-title":"Zika Virus (I). Isolations and Serological Specificity","volume":"46","author":"Dick","year":"1952","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90161-4","article-title":"Yellow Fever and Zika Virus Epizootics and Enzootics in Uganda","volume":"76","author":"McCrae","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808246","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection\u2014After the Pandemic","volume":"381","author":"Longo","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1604338","article-title":"Zika Virus and Birth Defects\u2014Reviewing the Evidence for Causality","volume":"374","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S868","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix434","article-title":"Epidemiology of Zika Virus Infection","volume":"216","author":"Hills","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02266","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection at Different Pregnancy Stages: Anatomopathological Findings, Target Cells and Viral Persistence in Placental Tissues","volume":"9","author":"Villinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22401","article-title":"Establishment and Cryptic Transmission of Zika Virus in Brazil and the Americas","volume":"546","author":"Faria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150192","article-title":"First Report of Autochthonous Transmission of Zika Virus in Brazil","volume":"110","author":"Zanluca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"BRAZIL (2021, September 09). Brazil\u2019s Ministry of Health. Health Surveillance Department. Monitoring of Arbovirus Cases until Epidemiological Week 35 of 2022. Epidemiological Bulletin. ISSN 9352\u20137864. Vol 53, No.34.2022, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/centrais-de-conteudo\/publicacoes\/boletins\/epidemiologicos\/edicoes\/2022\/boletim-epidemiologico-vol-53-no34#:~:text=Situa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20epidemiol%C3%B3gica%20de%202022&text=At%C3%A9%20a%20SE%2035%20de,per%C3%ADodo%20analisado%20(Figura%201)."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"BRAZIL (2021, September 09). Brazil\u2019s Ministry of Health. Health Surveillance Department. Monitoring of Arbovirus Cases until Epidemiological Week 1\u201351 of 2021. Vol 52\u2014No. 48, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/centrais-de-conteudo\/publicacoes\/boletins\/epidemiologicos\/edicoes\/2021\/boletim-epidemiologico-vol-52-no-48.pdf\/@@download\/file\/Boletim%20Epidemiol%C3%B3gico%20Vol%2052%20-%20N%C2%BA%2048.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Brazil\u2019s Ministry of Health Brazil (2021, September 09). Ministry of Health. Secretary of Health Surveillance. Portaria n.\u00b0 1.813, 11 November 2015, Available online: https:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/saudelegis\/gm\/2015\/prt1813_11_11_2015.html."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, September 09). WHO Statement on the First Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR 2005) Emergency Committee on Zika Virus and Observed Increase in Neurological Disorders and Neonatal Malformations. Available online: https:\/\/www.paho.org\/annual-report-2016\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"h6983","article-title":"Zika Virus Spreads across Americas as Concerns Mount over Birth Defects","volume":"351","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38170","article-title":"The Phenotypic Spectrum of Congenital Zika Syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Feitosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Brazil\u2019s Ministry of Health (2021, September 09). Epidemiological Situation of Congenital Syndrome Associated with Zika Virus Infection: Brazil, 2015 to 2022, by SE 31. Epidemiological Bulletin. Vol 53, No. 35, Available online: http:\/\/plataforma.saude.gov.br\/anomalias-congenitas\/boletim-epidemiologico-SVS-35\u20132022.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faye, O., Freire, C.C.M., Iamarino, A., Faye, O., de Oliveira, J.V.C., Diallo, M., Zanotto, P.M.A., and Sall, A.A. (2014). Molecular Evolution of Zika Virus during Its Emergence in the 20th Century. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002636"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.080287","article-title":"Genetic and Serologic Properties of Zika Virus Associated with an Epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007","volume":"14","author":"Lanciotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haddow, A.D., Schuh, A.J., Yasuda, C.Y., Kasper, M.R., Heang, V., Huy, R., Guzman, H., Tesh, R.B., and Weaver, S.C. (2012). Genetic Characterization of Zika Virus Strains: Geographic Expansion of the Asian Lineage. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001477"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090442","article-title":"Zika Virus outside Africa","volume":"15","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, A., and Gupta, S.P. (2017). Fundamentals of Viruses and Their Proteases. Viral Proteases and Their Inhibitors, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809712-0.00001-0"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sevvana, M., Rogers, T.F., Miller, A.S., Long, F., Klose, T., Beutler, N., Lai, Y.C., Parren, M., Walker, L.M., and Buda, G. (2020). Structural Basis of Zika Virus Specific Neutralization in Subsequent Flavivirus Infections. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12121346"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.44.100190.003245","article-title":"Flavivirus Genome Organization, Expression and Replication","volume":"44","author":"Chambers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filgueirasid, I.S., Torrentes de Carvalho, A., Cunha, D.P., Mathias da Fonseca, D.L., el Khawanky, N., Freire, P.P., Cabral-Miranda, G., Schimke, L.F., Camara, N.O.S., and Ochs, H.D. (2021). The Clinical Spectrum and Immunopathological Mechanisms Underlying Zikv-Induced Neurological Manifestations. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009575"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.203","article-title":"Human T Cell Responses to Dengue and Zika Virus Infection Compared to Dengue\/Zika Coinfection","volume":"6","author":"Gandini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grard, G., Caron, L., Mombo, I.M., Nkoghe, D., Ondo, S.M., Jiolle, D., Fontenille, D., Paupy, C., and Leroy, E.M. (2014). Zika Virus in Gabon (Central Africa)-2007: A New Threat from Aedes Albopictus?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002681"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000381","article-title":"Zika Virus: A Previously Slow Pandemic Spreads Rapidly through the Americas","volume":"97","author":"Gatherer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4864","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00252-16","article-title":"Zika Virus: New Clinical Syndromes and Its Emergence in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"90","author":"Lazear","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31450-2","article-title":"An Update on Zika Virus Infection","volume":"390","author":"Baud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12614","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12614","article-title":"Zika Virus: A New Threat to Human Reproduction","volume":"77","author":"Baud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2020.01.015","article-title":"Zika Virus-Spread, Epidemiology, Genome, Transmission Cycle, Clinical Manifestation, Associated Challenges, Vaccine and Antiviral Drug Development","volume":"543","author":"Pielnaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Evidence for Transmission of Zika Virus by Platelet Transfusion","volume":"375","author":"Kuck","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colt, S., Garcia-Casal, M.N., Pe\u00f1a-Rosas, J.P., Finkelstein, J.L., Rayco-Solon, P., Weise Prinzo, Z.C., and Mehta, S. (2017). Transmission of Zika Virus through Breast Milk and Other Breastfeeding-Related Bodily-Fluids: A Systematic Review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005528"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0332","article-title":"Emergence of Congenital Zika Syndrome: Viewpoint from the Front Lines HHS Public Access","volume":"164","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"598","article-title":"Initial Description of the Presumed Congenital Zika Syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Velho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00273-7","article-title":"Microcephaly in Brazil: How to Interpret Reported Numbers?","volume":"387","author":"Victora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.008","article-title":"Type III Interferons Produced by Human Placental Trophoblasts Confer Protection against Zika Virus Infection","volume":"19","author":"Bayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.07.012","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Their Children: A Review","volume":"265","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.10.008","article-title":"Cross-Reactive Dengue Virus Antibodies Augment Zika Virus Infection of Human Placental Macrophages","volume":"24","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601824","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection with Prolonged Maternal Viremia and Fetal Brain Abnormalities","volume":"374","author":"Driggers","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00095-5","article-title":"Detection and Sequencing of Zika Virus from Amniotic Fluid of Fetuses with Microcephaly in Brazil: A Case Study","volume":"16","author":"Calvet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602412","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in Rio de Janeiro","volume":"375","author":"Brasil","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sisman, J., Jaleel, M.A., Moreno, W., Rajaram, V., Collins, R.R.J., Savani, R.C., Rakheja, D., and Evans, A.S. (2020). Intrauterine Transmission of SARS-COV-2 Infection in a Preterm Infant. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 265\u2013267.","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002815"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"858","article-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vital Signs: Zika-Associated Birth Defects and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities Possibly Associated with Congenital Zika Virus Infection-U.S. Territories and Freely Associated States, 2018","volume":"67","author":"Rice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01018","article-title":"Placental Inflammation and Fetal Injury in a Rare Zika Case Associated with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome and Abortion","volume":"9","author":"Rabelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.03.001","article-title":"Zika Virus: History, Epidemiology, Transmission, and Clinical Presentation","volume":"308","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Zika Virus Impairs Growth in Human Neurospheres and Brain Organoids","volume":"44","author":"Grosmark","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314310","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: A Review Focused on Clinical and Electrophysiological Subtypes","volume":"88","author":"Uncini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.01.009","article-title":"Diverse Subtypes and Developmental Origins of Trophoblast Giant Cells in the Mouse Placenta","volume":"304","author":"Simmons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00001.2005","article-title":"Development of Structures and Transport Functions in the Mouse Placenta","volume":"20","author":"Watson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.01.015","article-title":"How to Make a Placenta: Mechanisms of Trophoblast Cell Differentiation in Mice\u2014A Review","volume":"26","author":"Cross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35296","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35296","article-title":"ZIKA Virus Reveals Broad Tissue and Cell T, ropism during the First Trimester of Pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Gouilly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5332.1669","article-title":"Regulation of Human Placental Development by Oxygen Tension","volume":"277","author":"Genbacev","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Ross, M.H., and Pawlina, W. (2006). Histology: Text and Atlas, Guanabara Koogan. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.64","article-title":"The Unique Immunological and Microbial Aspects of Pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Mor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12218","article-title":"The up Side of Decidual Natural Killer Cells: New Developments in Immunology of Pregnancy","volume":"141","author":"Siewiera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0395","article-title":"Biopsy-Induced Inflammatory Conditions Improve Endometrial Receptivity: The Mechanism","volume":"149","author":"Gnainsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1452","article-title":"Decidual NK Cells Regulate Key Developmental Processes at the Human Fetal-Maternal Interface","volume":"12","author":"Hanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01056.x","article-title":"Modulation and Recruitment of Inducible Regulatory T Cells by First Trimester Trophoblast Cells","volume":"67","author":"Ramhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12505","article-title":"Placental Inflammatory Response to Zika Virus May Affect Fetal Brain Development","volume":"75","author":"Mor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"2062","article-title":"Dendritic Cell Entrapment within the Pregnant Uterus Inhibits Immune Surveillance of the Maternal\/Fetal Interface in Mice","volume":"119","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1985","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1985","article-title":"Congenital Zika Syndrome: Pitfalls in the Placental Barrier","volume":"28","author":"Robinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11462","article-title":"Pregnancy Imprints Regulatory Memory That Sustains Anergy to Fetal Antigen","volume":"490","author":"Rowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Aristiz\u00e1bal, B., and Gonz\u00e1lez, \u00c1. (2013). Chapter 2: Innate Immune System. Autoimmunity: From Bench to Bedside, El Rosario University Press."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.002","article-title":"Zika Virus Targets Different Primary Human Placental Cells, Suggesting Two Routes for Vertical Transmission","volume":"20","author":"Tabata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02146","article-title":"Zika Induces Human Placental Damage and Inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Rabelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01704","article-title":"Placental Histopathology and Clinical Presentation of Severe Congenital Zika Syndrome in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infant","volume":"8","author":"Rabelo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160085","article-title":"Zika Virus Damages the Human Placental Barrier and Presents Marked Fetal Neurotropism","volume":"111","author":"Zanluca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6506e1","article-title":"Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Brain and Placental Tissues from Two Congenitally Infected Newborns and Two Fetal Losses\u2014Brazil, 2015","volume":"65","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabelo, K., Gon\u00e7alves, A.J.d.S., Souza, L.J.d., Sales, A.P., Lima, S.M.B.d., Trindade, G.F., Ciambarella, B.T., Amorim Tasmo, N.R., Diaz, B.L., and Carvalho, J.J.d. (2020). Zika Virus Infects Human Placental Mast Cells and the HMC-1 Cell Line, and Triggers Degranulation, Cytokine Release and Ultrastructural Changes. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040975"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13128","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13128","article-title":"Mast Cell\u2013Induced Immunopathology in Recurrent Pregnancy Losses","volume":"82","author":"Derbala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2018.05.001","article-title":"Characterization of Human Decidual Mast Cells and Establishment of a Culture System","volume":"67","author":"Matsuno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01469","article-title":"Advances in Developing Therapies to Combat Zika Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Munjal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00029","article-title":"Mast Cells as Novel Mediators of Reproductive Processes","volume":"4","author":"Woidacki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01772\u201322","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01772-22","article-title":"Zika Virus Replication in a Mast Cell Model Is Augmented by Dengue Virus Antibody-Dependent Enhancement and Features a Selective Immune Mediator Secretory Profile","volume":"10","author":"Coish","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.09.007","article-title":"Zika Virus: A Review of Literature","volume":"6","author":"Bayrami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2166","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2166","article-title":"The Innate Immune Response in Zika Virus Infection","volume":"31","author":"Azevedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.017574","article-title":"Dendritic Cells in the Human Decidua","volume":"69","author":"Gardner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.07.011","article-title":"The Impact of Dendritic Cells on Angiogenic Responses at the Fetal-Maternal Interface","volume":"83","author":"Barrientos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8880","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00354-15","article-title":"Biology of Zika Virus Infection in Human Skin Cells","volume":"89","author":"Hamel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00084","DOI":"10.15406\/mojpb.2016.03.00088","article-title":"Zika Virus Therapeutic Lead Compounds Discovery Using Chemoinformatics Approaches","volume":"3","author":"Narayanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"MOJ Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23734-3","article-title":"Silent Infection of Human Dendritic Cells by African and Asian Strains of Zika Virus","volume":"8","author":"Vielle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52307-1","article-title":"Asian and African Lineage Zika Viruses Show Differential Replication and Innate Immune Responses in Human Dendritic Cells and Macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowen, J.R., Quicke, K.M., Maddur, M.S., O\u2019Neal, J.T., McDonald, C.E., Fedorova, N.B., Puri, V., Shabman, R.S., Pulendran, B., and Suthar, M.S. (2017). Zika Virus Antagonizes Type I Interferon Responses during Infection of Human Dendritic Cells. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006164"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix552","article-title":"Zika Virus Replicates in Proliferating Cells in Explants from First-Trimester Human Placentas, Potential Sites for Dissemination of Infection","volume":"217","author":"Tabata","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2018.04.012","article-title":"Innate Immune Cells in the Placental Bed in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia","volume":"69","author":"Faas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.11.52","article-title":"Dendritic Cell Function at the Maternal-Fetal Interface","volume":"7","author":"Tagliani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2019.10.006","article-title":"Immunology of the Placenta","volume":"47","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obs. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02499-9","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Rhesus Macaques Causes Placental Dysfunction and Immunopathology","volume":"9","author":"Hirsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2050","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2050","article-title":"Zika Virus: Molecular Responses and Tissue Tropism in the Mammalian Host","volume":"29","author":"Shaily","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19385","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.1.19385","article-title":"Placental Hofbauer Cells Assemble and Sequester HIV-1 in Tetraspanin-Positive Compartments That Are Accessible to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2020.103214","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome Function and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Placental Hofbauer Cells","volume":"142","author":"Abrahams","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1159\/000497416","article-title":"The Elusive Role of Placental Macrophages: The Hofbauer Cell Journal of Innate Immunity","volume":"11","author":"Zulu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2021-0296-SA","article-title":"Hofbauer Cells and COVID-19 in Pregnancy Molecular Pathology Analysis of Villous Macrophages, Endothelial Cells, and Placental Findings from 22 Placentas Infected by SARS-CoV-2 with and Without Fetal Transmission","volume":"145","author":"Schwartz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.K., Oh, S.-J., Park, H., and Shin, O.S. (2019). Recent Updates on Research Models and Tools to Study Virus-Host Interactions at the Placenta. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010005"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02628","article-title":"Hofbauer Cells: Their Role in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Reyes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.4.1075","article-title":"Human Villous Macrophage-Conditioned Media Enhance Human Trophoblast Growth and Differentiation In Vitro","volume":"62","author":"Khan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"Castellucci, M., and Kaufmann, P. (2012). Basic Structure of the Villous Trees, Springer. Pathology of the Human Placenta."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0159","article-title":"Hofbauer Cells of M2a, M2b and M2c Polarization May Regulate Feto-Placental Angiogenesis","volume":"152","author":"Loegl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00606","article-title":"M1\/M2 Macrophage Polarity in Normal and Complicated Pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olmos-Ortiz, A., Flores-Espinosa, P., Mancilla-Herrera, I., Vega-S\u00e1nchez, R., D\u00edaz, L., and Zaga-Clavellina, V. (2019). Innate Immune Cells and Toll-like Receptor-Dependent Responses at the Maternal-Fetal Interface. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153654"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-9-101","article-title":"Placental Hofbauer Cells Limit HIV-1 Replication and Potentially Offset Mother to Child Transmission (MTCT) by Induction of Immunoregulatory Cytokines","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100130","article-title":"Macrophages at the Fetal\u2013Maternal Interface Express Markers of Alternative Activation and Are Induced by M-CSF and IL-10","volume":"187","author":"Geffers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morotti, D., Cadamuro, M., Rigoli, E., Sonzogni, A., Gianatti, A., Parolin, C., Patan\u00e8, L., and Schwartz, D.A. (2021). Molecular Pathology Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Syncytiotrophoblast and Hofbauer Cells in Placenta from a Pregnant Woman and Fetus with COVID-19. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040479"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schliefsteiner, C., Ibesich, S., and Wadsack, C. (2020). Placental Hofbauer Cell Polarization Resists Inflammatory Cues In Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030736"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12336","article-title":"Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Responses by Placental Hofbauer Cells (HBCs): A Potential Pro-Inflammatory Role for Fetal M2 Macrophages","volume":"73","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4392","article-title":"Predominance of M2-polarized Macrophages in Bladder Cancer Affects Angiogenesis, Tumor Grade and Invasiveness","volume":"11","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12613","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12613","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection of Hofbauer Cells","volume":"77","author":"Simoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"88461","article-title":"Zika Virus Productively Infects Primary Human Placenta-Specific Macrophages","volume":"1","author":"Jurado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ref. Inf. JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13190","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus Infects Placental Trophoblast and Hofbauer Cells, but Appears Not to Play a Causal Role in Miscarriage and Preterm Labor","volume":"96","author":"Leonhard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"2906","article-title":"Immune Profile of the Normal Maternal-Fetal Interface in Rhesus Macaques and Its Alteration Following Zika Virus Infection","volume":"12","author":"Scheef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-210310","article-title":"Uterine Natural Killer Cells Initiate Spiral Artery Remodeling in Human Pregnancy; Uterine Natural Killer Cells Initiate Spiral Artery Remodeling in Human Pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Robson","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728291","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.728291","article-title":"Role of Decidual Natural Killer Cells in Human Pregnancy and Related Pregnancy Complications","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15072","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617927114","article-title":"Expression of KIR2DS1 by Decidual Natural Killer Cells Increases Their Ability to Control Placental HCMV Infection","volume":"113","author":"Crespo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02317","article-title":"Dynamic Function and Composition Changes of Immune Cells during Normal and Pathological Pregnancy at the Maternal-Fetal Interface","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Features of Human Decidual NK Cells in Healthy Pregnancy and During Viral Infection","volume":"1","author":"Caligiuri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901435","article-title":"Human Term Pregnancy Decidual NK Cells Generate Distinct Cytotoxic Responses","volume":"204","author":"Meagher","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0406250","article-title":"Expression of Angiogenic Growth Factors by Uterine Natural Killer Cells during Early Pregnancy","volume":"80","author":"Lash","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.019","article-title":"Decidual NK Cells Transfer Granulysin to Selectively Kill Bacteria in Trophoblasts","volume":"182","author":"Crespo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13174","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13174","article-title":"HHV-6A Infection of Endometrial Epithelial Cells Affects Immune Profile and Trophoblast Invasion","volume":"82","author":"Bortolotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-105965","article-title":"Recruitment of Circulating NK Cells through Decidual Tissues: A Possible Mechanism Controlling NK Cell Accumulation in the Uterus during Early Pregnancy","volume":"111","author":"Carlino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820759","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2022.820759","article-title":"Preterm Birth in Women with HIV: The Role of the Placenta","volume":"3","author":"Ikumi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Glob. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522047","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.522047","article-title":"Viral-Immune Cell Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Human Pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2022.103501","article-title":"Decidual Immune Response Following COVID-19 during Pregnancy Varies by Timing of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"151","author":"Juttukonda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, E.L., Swieboda, D., Olivier, A., Enninga, E.A.L., and Chakraborty, R. (2021). Robust Innate Immune Responses at the Placenta during Early Gestation May Limit in Utero HIV Transmission. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009860"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00153\u201317","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00153-17","article-title":"Limited Colonization Undermined by Inadequate Early Immune Responses Defines the Dynamics of Decidual Listeriosis","volume":"85","author":"Rizzuto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.016","article-title":"Changes of Human Decidual Natural Killer Cells Cocultured with YFP-Toxoplasma Gondii: Implications for Abnormal Pregnancy","volume":"99","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2115410118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2115410118","article-title":"Decidual NK Cells Kill Zika Virus\u2013Infected Trophoblasts","volume":"118","author":"Crespo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00785\u201317","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00785-17","article-title":"Zika Virus Escapes NK Cell Detection by Upregulating Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules","volume":"91","author":"Glasner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.08.008","article-title":"Type III Interferons in Antiviral Defenses at Barrier Surfaces HHS Public Access","volume":"39","author":"Wells","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.07.009","article-title":"Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection","volume":"43","author":"Koyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2520-2","article-title":"Advances in Anti-Viral Immune Defence: Revealing the Importance of the IFN JAK\/STAT Pathway","volume":"74","author":"Raftery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trus, I., Udenze, D., Cox, B., Berube, N., Nordquist, R.E., Van Der Staay, F.J., Huang, Y., Kobinger, G., Safronetz, D., and Gerdts, V. (2019). Subclinical in Utero Zika Virus Infection Is Associated with Interferon Alpha Sequelae and Sex-Specific Molecular Brain Pathology in Asymptomatic Porcine Offspring. PLoS Pathog., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008038"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3210","article-title":"Interferon-Inducible Effector Mechanisms in Cell-Autonomous Immunity","volume":"12","author":"MacMicking","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.05.009","article-title":"Zika Virus Targets Human STAT2 to Inhibit Type i Interferon Signaling","volume":"19","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coldbeck-Shackley, R.C., Eyre, N.S., and Beard, M.R. (2020). The Molecular Interactions of ZIKV and DENV with the Type-I IFN Response. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030530"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","article-title":"Regulation of Type i Interferon Responses","volume":"14","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.03.006","article-title":"Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) Restricts Zika Virus Replication in Primary Human Corneal Epithelial Cells","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2314","article-title":"Interferon-Inducible Antiviral Effectors","volume":"8","author":"Sadler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-018-0050-y","article-title":"Relevance of Placental Type I Interferon Beta Regulation for Pregnancy Success","volume":"15","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao1680","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao1680","article-title":"Type I Interferons Instigate Fetal Demise after Zika Virus Infection","volume":"3","author":"Yockey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.10.008","article-title":"Interferon-Stimulated Genes and Their Antiviral Effector Functions","volume":"1","author":"Schoggins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91288","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.91288","article-title":"Type I Interferons Regulate Susceptibility to Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth","volume":"2","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601824","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Fetal\/Placental Type I IFN Can Affect Maternal Survival and Fetal Viral Load during Viral Infection","volume":"198","author":"Racicot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.05.015","article-title":"Zika Virus Infects Human Placental Macrophages","volume":"20","author":"Quicke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783407","DOI":"10.3389\/fviro.2021.783407","article-title":"Differential Type 1 IFN Gene Expression in CD14+ Placenta Cells Elicited by Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Haese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Virol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01905\u201316","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01905-16","article-title":"Zika Virus Infects Early- and Midgestation Human Maternal Decidual Tissues, Inducing Distinct Innate Tissue Responses in the Maternal-Fetal Interface","volume":"91","author":"Weisblum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03351-0","article-title":"Gravidity-Dependent Associations between Interferon Response and Birth Weight in Placental Malaria","volume":"19","author":"Quanquin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi, S., Balasubramaniam, V.R.M.T., Brown, J.A., Mena, I., Grant, A., Bardina, S.V., Maringer, K., Schwarz, M.C., Maestre, A.M., and Sourisseau, M. (2017). A Novel Zika Virus Mouse Model Reveals Strain Specific Differences in Virus Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Immune Responses. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006258"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.010","article-title":"A Mouse Model of Zika Virus Pathogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Lazear","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.008","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy in Mice Causes Placental Damage and Fetal Demise","volume":"165","author":"Miner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00708\u201317","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00708-17","article-title":"Fetal and Maternal Innate Immunity Receptors Have Opposing Effects on the Severity of Experimental Malaria in Pregnancy: Beneficial Roles for Fetus-Derived Toll-like Receptor 4 and Type I Interferon Receptor 1","volume":"86","author":"Pandya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12243","article-title":"New Insights into the Relationship between Viral Infection and Pregnancy Complications","volume":"71","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szaba, F.M., Tighe, M., Kummer, L.W., Lanzer, K.G., Ward, J.M., Lanthier, P., Kim, I.J., Kuki, A., Blackman, M.A., and Thomas, S.J. (2018). Zika Virus Infection in Immunocompetent Pregnant Mice Causes Fetal Damage and Placental Pathology in the Absence of Fetal Infection. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006994"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764746","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.764746","article-title":"Congenital Zika Syndrome Is Associated With Interferon Alfa Receptor 1","volume":"12","author":"Azamor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba9001","article-title":"GPER1 Is Required to Protect Fetal Health from Maternal Inflammation","volume":"371","author":"Harding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1410\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:25:46Z","timestamp":1760145946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"references-count":155,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11121410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11121410","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]}}}