{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:12:18Z","timestamp":1791558738385,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Granulicatella\u00a0spp. are non-motile, non-sporulating, facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. Throughout the literature, these organisms have been referred to by several names, such as \u201cnutritionally deficient streptococci\u201d, \u201cvitamin-B dependent streptococci\u201d and \u201cpyridoxal-dependent streptococci\u201d, because of their fastidious nutritional requirements, which can often make culture isolation challenging. Known to be a member of the normal microbiota of the human oral cavity and urogenital and intestinal tracts, similar to other streptococci, Granulicatella spp. can cause bacteremia, sepsis and infective endocarditis. Considering the difficulty in growing this organism on culture medium, the fact that it is now included among the bacteria known to be responsible for culture-negative infective endocarditis suggests that its pathogenic role could be highly underestimated. Moreover, being considered such a rare causative agent, it is not a target of standard antibiotic empiric treatment. We present a rare case of G. elegans endocarditis in a young child and review the medical literature on Granulicatella endocarditis in the pediatric population, with the aim of sharing knowledge about this microorganism, which can be challenging for a clinician who is not familiar with it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T06:04:36Z","timestamp":1669615476000},"page":"1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Granulicatella\u00a0spp., a Causative Agent of Infective Endocarditis in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Albano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bagarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fiorella","family":"Sanfilippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Comparato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Scardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Garbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Boncori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Condemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Colomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.2.184","article-title":"Nutritionally Variant Streptococci","volume":"4","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. 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